Russia ranks sixth in the world in egg production, with only 13% being processed. In addition, egg waste from incubation cabinets is also accumulated, which can be processed into protein feed using vacuum boilers. In this regard, the development of technology and technical means using the energy of the electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency for heat treatment of rejected eggs in a continuous mode for farms is relevant. The aim of the research is to develop and substantiate the parameters of the microwave installation for heat treatment of rejected chicken eggs as a protein feed additive. Tasks are being solved: to develop a spatial model of a microwave installation of a continuous operation mode; calculate the construction parameters of the installation. The microwave installation developed contains a vertically mounted truncated non-ferromagnetic bicone. Along its inner side surface, a dielectric tube is laid in the form of a biconical spiral. Parallel to the vertical axis of the bicone, a non-ferromagnetic plate is installed, dividing its volume into two chambers: a resonator and a pause chamber. The plate is made in the form of an axial section of a truncated bicone, along the perimeter of which there are openings for transcendental waveguides worn on the dielectric tube from the pause chamber side. On the side surface of the bicone mounted magnetrons. The structural design of the installation ensures the continuity of the heat treatment process without transporting mechanisms. The calculated self-quality of the resonator is 5000. With an installation capacity of 18 kg/h, the specific energy consumption for heat treatment of eggs is 200 W.h/kg.
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Rejected hatching eggs after ovoscoping can be used as protein feed for chickens after they have been heat-treated by exposure to an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic field. In this regard, the dielectric and physical-mechanical parameters of the components of a chicken egg are analyzed, the heat treatment modes and structural designs of resonators of ultra-high-frequency continuous-flow installations are justified. Studies show that the yolk is endogenously heated two to three times faster than the protein, which is coagulated mainly by heat transfer from the yolk. This is due to the mass difference and the dielectric loss factor of the egg components. Unconventional resonators have been developed that allow controlling the heating rate of raw material components not only by smoothly regulating the generator power. In a quasi-toroidal resonator, this is done by changing the capacitance in the capacitor part; in mobile hemispherical resonators that provide a downhole technological process of less than 0.5 due to the resonant beam electrodynamic system-by changing the speed of movement of the hemispheres; in a biconic resonator - by changing the downhole process.
Introduction. The existing methods of cooking eggs in water and with steam have a high energy intensity. Currently, the problem of continuity of the technological process is still not solved. That is why, in order to reduce energy consumption, reduce water consumption and intensify the process of heat treatment of eggs, we consider it relevant to use the energy of the electromagnetic field of super high frequency (SHFEMF) in a special temperature regime without using water.Methodology. Three-dimensional modeling of the installation was carried out in the Compass 18.0 program, the justification of the heat treatment modes was carried out by analytical methods, to identify the optimal parameters (energy consumption and temperature regime) of the proposed installation, second-degree least squares polynomials were used, in particular, a rotatable second-order planning matrix, statistical analysis of the matrix was carried out in a software package for statistical analysis Statistica 12, confirmation of analytical data with empirical data was carried out in the CST Microwave Studio program for three-dimensional modeling of electromagnetic field propagation processes in the Eigenmode calculation module, where patterns of electric and magnetic field intensity distribution in a spherical resonator were studied.Results. The structural design of the conveyortype radio wave installation allows for heat treatment of eggs when moving in dielectric cups through slotted spherial resonators. The borehole of the process is less than 0.5 due to the location of the cups in the resonators and between them in relation 4:9. The value of the resonator's own Q-factor reaches 8800. The visualization in the program shows a uniform distribution of the electric field in the resonator, with a voltage of 1.5–3 kV/cm, which ensures high sterility of the product. From the regression models compiled on the basis of the matrix of rotatable planning of the second-order experiment, it follows that the effective duration of exposure to EMF is 154 s, the specific energy costs are equal to 143 Wh/kg. The speed of rotation of the conveyor gear motor is 0.4 rpm.
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