Âèÿâèòè åôåêòèâí³ñòü âèêîðèñòàííÿ êîíòðàñòíèõ ñòðîê³â ñ³âáè ï³ñëÿ ð³çíèõ ïîïåðåäíèê³â äëÿ îö³íþâàííÿ ãåíîòèï³â ïøåíèö³ ì'ÿêî¿ îçèìî¿ çà âðîaeàéí³ñòþ òà ñòàá³ëüí³ñòþ. Ìåòîäè. Ïîëüîâ³, ëàáîðàòîðí³, ñòàòèñòè÷í³. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Óñòàíîâëåíî ð³çíèé, àëå äîñòîâ³ðíèé ð³âåíü âïëèâó íà âðîaeàéí³ñòü ãåíîòèï³â ïøåíèö³ ì'ÿêî¿ îçèìî¿ òàêèõ ÷èííèê³â, ÿê óìîâè ðîêó âèðîùóâàííÿ (66,2%), ïîïåðåäíèêè (12,5%), ñòðîêè ñ³âáè (6,1%) òà ãåíîòèï (1,7%). ³äçíà÷åíî äîñòîâ³ðí³ â³äì³òíîñò³ â ðåàêö³¿ äîñë³äaeåíèõ ãåíîòèï³â íà ñòðîêè ñ³âáè ï³ñëÿ ð³çíèõ ïîïåðåäíèê³â. Âèÿâëåíî â³äíîñíî ìåíøèé âïëèâ ïîïåðåäíèê³â íà âðîaeàéí³ñòü ñîðò³â 'Åñòàôåòà ìèðîí³âñüêà' òà 'Âåaeà ìèðîí³âñüêà', á³ëüøèé-'Ì²Ï Äàðóíîê', 'Ì²Ï Êíÿaeíà' òà 'Ì²Ï Âèøèâàíêà'. Ñòðîêè ñ³âáè ìåíøå âïëèâàëè íà âðîaeàéí³ñòü ñîðò³â 'Ì²Ï Ôîðòóíà', 'Ì²Ï Âèøèâàíêà' òà 'Òðóä³âíèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà', çíà÷íî-ñîðòó 'Ì²Ï Äàðóíîê'. Óñòàíîâëåíî çàãàëüíó òåíäåíö³þ çìåíøåííÿ ñåðåäíüî¿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ â äîñë³ä³ ç³ çì³ùåííÿì ñòðîêó ñ³âáè â³ä 26 âåðåñíÿ äî 16 aeîâòíÿ. Îäíàê, äëÿ íèçêè ãåíîòèï³â ï³ñëÿ ïåâíèõ ïîïåðåäíèê³â îïòèìàëüíèì áóâ ñòðîê ñ³âáè 5 aeîâòíÿ: ï³ñëÿ ïîïåðåäíèêà ñèäåðàëüíèé ïàð-äëÿ ñîðò³â 'Òðóä³âíèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà', 'Ì²Ï Àññîëü' òà 'Ì²Ï Äí³ïðÿíêà', ï³ñëÿ ã³ð÷èö³-'Âåaeà ìèðîí³âñüêà', ï³ñëÿ ñîíÿøíèêó-'Ì²Ï Ôîðòóíà', ï³ñëÿ êóêóðóäçè-'Ì²Ï Ôîðòóíà' òà 'Ïîäîëÿíêà'. Ó ðîçð³ç³ ñòðîê³â ñ³âáè âñòàíîâëåíî íàéìåíøå âàð³þâàííÿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ ï³ñëÿ ïîïåðåäíèê³â ñèäåðàëüíèé ïàð, ã³ð÷èöÿ òà êóêóðóäçà ñîðò³â 'Ì²Ï Âèøèâàíêà', 'Áàëàäà ìèðîí³âñüêà', 'Ì²Ï Êíÿaeíà', 'Åñòàôåòà ìèðîí³âñüêà'. Ç âèêîðèñòàííÿì GGE biplot âèÿâëåíî, ùî íàáëèaeåíèì äî «³äåàëüíîãî ñåðåäîâèùà» äëÿ ðåàë³çàö³¿ ð³âíÿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ á³ëüøîñò³ ãåíîòèï³â áóâ äðóãèé ñòðîê ñ³âáè ï³ñëÿ ïîïåðåäíèêà ñèäåðàëüíèé ïàð. Çà ð³çíèìè ñòðîêàìè ñ³âáè é ïîïåðåäíèêàìè â ñåðåäíüîìó çà òðè ðîêè íàéîïòèìàëüí³øå ïîºäíàííÿ ð³âíÿ âðîaeàéíîñò³ ³ ñòàá³ëüíîñò³ â³äçíà÷åíî äëÿ ñîðò³â 'Òðóä³âíèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà', 'Ì²Ï Â³äçíàêà', 'Ì²Ï Àññîëü', 'Åñòàôåòà ìèðîí³âñüêà', 'Ì²Ï Âàëåíñ³ÿ'. Âèñíîâêè. Âèêîðèñòàííÿ ð³çíèõ ñòðîê³â ñ³âáè ï³ñëÿ ð³çíèõ ïîïåðåäíèê³â º åôåêòèâíèì ï³äõîäîì îðãàí³çàö³¿ ãåíîòèï-ñåðåäîâèùíèõ âèïðîáóâàíü. ³í äຠçìîãó ³äåíòèô³êóâàòè ÿê ñïåöèô³÷íî àäàïòîâàí³ äî ïåâíèõ óìîâ (ïîïåðåäíèê³â òà ñòðîê³â ñ³âáè) ãåíîòèïè, òàê ³ ãåíîòèïè ç â³äíîñíî âèùèì ð³âíåì ñòàá³ëüíîñò³ çà ñ³âáè ï³ñëÿ ð³çíèõ ïîïåðåäíèê³â òà â ð³çí³ ñòðîêè. Òàêèé ï³äõ³ä ìîaeå áóòè âèêîðèñòàíèé ÿê íà çàâåðøàëüíîìó åòàï³ ñåëåêö³¿ äëÿ äèôåðåíö³þâàííÿ ñåëåêö³éíèõ ë³í³é çà âðîaeàéí³ñòþ òà ñòàá³ëüí³ñòþ, òàê ³ ï³ä ÷àñ ðîçðîáëåííÿ áàçîâèõ åëåìåíò³â òåõíîëî㳿 âèðîùóâàííÿ íîâîñòâîðåíèõ ñîðò³â. Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ïøåíèöÿ ì'ÿêà îçèìà; âðîaeàéí³ñòü; ñòàá³ëüí³ñòü; ð³ê âèðîùóâàííÿ; ñòðîê ñ³âáè; ïîïåðåäíèê; êîåô³ö³ºíò âàð³àö³¿; ANOVA; GGE biplot.
ÂñòóïÇåðíîâ³ êóëüòóðè â Óêðà¿í³ çàéìàþòü ïîíàä 15 ìëí ãà ð³ëë³, òîìó íàâ³òü ì³í³ìàëüíå óðàaeåííÿ ¿õ õâîðîáàìè ïðèçâîäèòü äî âåëèêèõ çàãàëüíèõ óòðàò óðîaeàþ [1]. Ç îãëÿäó íà öå, ôóíã³öèäíèé çàõèñò ïîñ³â³â º âàaeëèâèì åëåìåíòîì ó òåõíîëî㳿 ¿õ âèðîùóâàííÿ. Äëÿ åêî-ëîã³çàö³¿ ñ³ëüñüêîãîñïîäàðñüêîãî âèðîáíèöòâà ñèñòåìè çàõèñòó çåðíîâèõ êóëüòóð òðåáà ðîçðîáëÿòè ç óðàõóâàííÿì ÷èííèêà ãåíåòè÷íî¿ ñò³éêîñò³ ñîðòó, ùî ñïðèÿòèìå çíèaeåííþ ïåñòèöèäíîãî íàâàíòàaeåííÿ, çîêðåìà é çàâäÿêè çìåíøåííþ êðàòíîñò³ îáðîáîê ïîñ³â³â [2].Óòðàòè âàëîâîãî çáîðó çåðíà â³ä õâîðîá, ïå-ðåäóñ³ì ãðèáíèõ, ñòàíîâëÿòü ïîíàä 30% [3, 4]. ÓÄÊ 633.11: 632.952 Ìåòà. Âèçíà÷èòè âàð³àíòè åôåêòèâíîãî ôóíã³öèäíîãî çàõèñòó ñîðò³â ïøåíèö³ ì'ÿêî¿ îçèìî¿ â³ä õâîðîá, ÿê³ çàáåç-ïå÷àòü íàéâèùèé ð³âåíü óðîaeàéíîñò³ òà ÿêîñò³ çåðíà. Ìåòîäè. Ó ïîëüîâèõ óìîâàõ âèñ³âàëè ÷îòèðè ñîðòè ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿ ç ð³çíîþ ñò³éê³ñòþ ïðîòè õâîðîá: 'Áåðåãèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà', 'Ãîñïîäèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà', 'Ãîðëèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà' òà 'Ïîäîëÿíêà' (îðèã³íàòîð -Ìèðîí³âñüêèé ³íñòèòóò ïøåíèö³ ³ì. Â. Ì. Ðåìåñëà ÍÀÀÍ Óêðà¿íè). Ó ôàç³ òðóáêóâàííÿ êóëüòóðè ïîñ³âè îáðîáëÿëè ôóíã³öèäàìè Àêàíòî Ïëþñ 28, Òàë³óñ 20, Ôàëüêîí 460 ÅÑ, ó ôàç³ êîëîñ³ííÿ -Àì³ñòàð Òð³î 255 ÅÑ, Ò³ëò Òóðáî 575 ÅÑ, Âàðåîí 520. Ðåçóëüòàòè. Ó ïåð³îä ìîëî÷íî¿ ñòèãëîñò³ çåðíà òåõí³÷íà åôåêòèâí³ñòü çàñòîñóâàííÿ ôóíã³öèä³â ïðîòè áîðîøíèñòî¿ ðîñè áóëà íà ð³âí³ 72-100%, ñåïòîð³îçó ëèñòÿ -58-76, áóðî¿ ³ðae³ -100%. Íàéåôåêòèâí³øèì âàð³àíòîì ôóíã³öèäíîãî çàõèñòó º âíåñåííÿ Àêàíòî Ïëþñ 28 ó ôàç³ âèõîäó â òðóáêó + Àì³ñòàð Òð³î 255 ÅÑ ó ôàç³ êîëîñ³ííÿ. Çà òàêèõ óìîâ ñîðò 'Ïîäîëÿíêà' ôîðìóâàâ ìàêñèìàëüíó âðîaeàéí³ñòü çåðíà -5,56 ò/ãà, çáåðåaeåíèé óðîaeàé ñòàíîâèâ 0,75 ò/ãà. Á³ëüøèé ïðèð³ñò óðîaeàéíîñò³ (0,82-0,86 ò/ãà) çàáåçïå÷èâ ñîðò 'Ãîðëèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà'. Çàñòîñóâàííÿ ôóíã³öèä³â Àêàíòî Ïëþñ 28 òà Àì³ñòàð Òð³î 255 ÅÑ òàêîae ñïðèÿëî ôîðìóâàííþ íàéë³ïøî¿ ÿêîñò³ çåðíà äîñë³äaeóâàíèõ ñîðò³â ïøåíèö³ îçèìî¿. Âèñíîâêè. Ñîðòè 'Áåðåãèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà' ³ 'Ïîäîëÿíêà' ôîðìóâàëè íàéá³ëüøó âðîaeàéí³ñòü çåðíà çà îáðîáëåííÿ ïîñ³â³â ôóíã³öèäîì Àêàíòî Ïëþñ 28 ó ôàç³ âèõîäó â òðóáêó òà Àì³ñòàð Òð³î 255 ÅÑ ó ôàç³ êîëîñ³ííÿ, 'Ãîñïîäèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà' -Ôàëüêîí 460 ÅÑ + Âàðåîí 520, ñîðò 'Ãîðëèöÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà' -Òàë³óñ 20 + Ò³ëò Òóðáî 575 ÅÑ â³äïîâ³äíî. Ñîðò 'Áåðåãèíÿ ìèðîí³âñüêà' çàáåçïå÷óº ë³ïø³ ïîêàçíèêè ÿêîñò³ çåðíà â ðàç³ çàñòîñóâàííÿ ôóíã³öèäó Ôàëüêîí ó ôàç³ òðóáêóâàííÿ òà Âàðåîí ó ôàç³ êîëîñ³ííÿ, ³íø³ ñîðòè -Àêàíòî Ïëþñ 28 + Àì³ñòàð Òð³î 255 ÅÑ â³äïîâ³äíî.Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ïøåíèöÿ îçèìà; ñîðò; ðîçâèòîê õâîðîá; åôåêòèâí³ñòü ôóíã³öèä³â; óðîaeàéí³ñòü; ïîêàçíèêè ÿêîñò³ çåðíà.Oleksii Zaima https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5714-6308 Oleksandr Derhachov https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8615-7110
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.