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The research into the shadow economy has scientific and practical value. Any state is interested in evaluating the size of the shadow economy as it affects the goals and priorities of the country’s development. This study presents a model for evaluating the shadow economy in the Russian Federation. The authors developed and analyzed an approach to measuring the shadow economy based on factor analysis and a MIMIC model. The study features the factor analysis of the official statistics for Russia over the period from 1992 to 2019, with more than 150 indicators characterizing different spheres of the life of the country. The authors determined the factors affected by the shadow economy, built a MIMIC model on this basis, and estimated the size of the shadow economy in Russia. Assessing the size of shadow activity is important for analyzing economic development and the impact of government regulations on the shadow sector

El artículo plantea preguntas y considera el estado, los problemas y las perspectivas del sistema de seguridad social y protección social de las personas con discapacidad. La realización de la legislación de protección social para los discapacitados es una cuestión provocativa, ya que la ayuda social y el apoyo de los discapacitados en una sociedad rusa moderna no se encuentra en un nivel adecuado. El sistema de protección social se ha formado en el país y también se ha desarrollado un marco legal y regulatorio. Por un lado, rusia ha ampliado significativamente la gama de oportunidades para los discapacitados al transformar las prácticas sociales en diversas áreas, organizar el trabajo social específico, crear condiciones para un entorno accesible y expandir la provisión de información de los servicios sociales. Por otro lado, estas medidas no permiten neutralizar completamente la vulnerabilidad social de esta categoría de personas. 

There is no doubt that the sustainability of the negative trend of population aging has a direct impact primarily on the demographic situation of the territory, which is directly reflected in the state of the labor potential of the population and the pace of economic development and, consequently, is a challenge to economic security. Therefore, there is an urgent need to increase the living potential of the population in order to achieve demographic security and economic growth. The aim of the study is to substantiate the relationship between the demographic potential of society and economic growth (taking into account the current major trends in the demographic sphere) and to develop recommendations for the formation of active social policy in the interests of preserving and increasing the vital potential of the population. Based on the proposed system of indicators, a number of risk-forming factors in the sphere of life potential of the population of the Republic of Mordovia was identified: low standard of living associated with insufficient economic potential of the region, population decline, reduction in the workforce, residual financing of health care. Effective social policy should be carried out taking into account the factors affecting the social well-being of citizens. Special attention should be paid to the state policy in the field of health care in order to reduce the excess mortality of the population.

Introduction. The level of the shadow economy is important for the development of any state, identifying the goals and priorities of its development. The shadow economy in Russia is the leading one among the problems that destroy the state system and pose a serious threat to national economic security. Materials and Methods. To identify the state of the shadow economy in the Russian Federation in the context of its regions, the tax approach was used, on the basis of which the GRP indicators and components were analyzed. Results. A comparison of statistical data with those provided by the Federal Tax Service made it possible to identify the scale of the shadow economy in Russian regions over the period from 2007 to 2018. An analysis of the data showed that from 2007 to 2009. there was a decrease in the level of the shadow economy, and, since 2009, its growth has been noted in most regions. Conclusion. The presence of unaccounted economic activity in all Russian regions poses a threat not only to the economic security of individual regions but also to the safe and sustainable development of the entire state. Analysis of the state of the shadow economy in Russian regions showed the unevenness of its development in different regions. To conduct an effective policy of countering shadow economic processes, it is important to identify their scale and take regional characteristics into account.