The article presents the results of research and treatment of cats with chlamydia in Poltava. The most common clinical sign of feline chlamydia is conjunctivitis (57 %) and keratitis (9.5 %). The combination of keratitis with conjunctivitis was found in 6 animals (28 %). Laboratory diagnosis of chlamydial infection was based on detecting chlamydial structures in a light microscope. In mild cases, when studying smears after Romanowski staining, Galbedstedter-Provachek bodies, which are cytoplasmic inclusions characteristic of chlamydia, were found in the material. Inclusions were painted according to Romanovsky-Gimza in blue and contained large reticular bodies, which, and small elementary bodies, were painted in purple-red. They were usually located near the nucleus. In the early stages of development, the parasites reached only 2–4 μm in diameter. At some stages of inclusion, they had a larger diameter and occupied the entire cytoplasm of the cell. The cell nucleus was displaced to the periphery of the membrane and changed shape. In addition to typical inclusions, parasites were often detected at the stage of reticular bodies. As a rule, the cells showed signs of damage in such cases. The treatment of cats with chlamydia was comprehensive. Antichlamydial therapy combines antibacterial therapy and immunocorrection. Cycloferon 12.5 % (aqueous solution for injection) was used as an immunomodulator for treating chlamydia. It was administered intramuscularly at a rate of 10 mg/kg body weight once a day–a total of ten injections. The second course was carried out in three weeks. Application Cycloferon 12.5 % was combined with an antibacterial agent. Azithromycin 10% was used as an antibacterial agent. It was included in the treatment regimen from the second day of application of Cycloferon 12.5 % intramuscularly, 1 ml per 10 kg of body weight; for 14 days (every 72 hours). Vigamox eye drops were instilled one drop into each eye four times a day for 21 days. In persistent conjunctival hyperemia, 1 % Emoxipin was prescribed as a capillary stabilizing agent. It was administered subconjunctivally in two drops (0.2–0.3 ml) twice a day for 15 days. Prodevit was used as a vitamin preparation. It was administered subcutaneously in a dosage of 0.3 ml: once every seven days. In most animals, improvement in clinical condition was noted on days 13–15 after treatment. During this period, there were no signs of purulent conjunctivitis, breathing improved, and wheezing was not heard. In animals diagnosed at the initial stage of the disease, clinical recovery occurred 7–8 days after treatment.

For suspicion of an infectious disease of cats, diagnostic tests were conducted. From the purulent leakages of the nasal cavity of the cat, pure cultures of the Bordetal, Escherichia and Staphylococcus cultures were obtained. Differential environments were used for this purpose. For effective treatment, each of the isolated cultures was tested for antibacterial sensitivity. According to the results, isolated cultures showed the highest sensitivity to gentamicin and enrofloxacin. Given the sensitivity of the isolated microflora, enrofloxacin-50 was used in the range of 0.1 ml per 1 kg of body weight for 5 days subcutaneously. Cats are a kind of animals that are sensitive to antibacterial substances. The choice of enrofloxacin was due to the lack of reactions and sensitivity to this drug in cats. As the immunomodulatory agents, which increase the overall resistance of the body used Katozal and Gamavat. Katozal was used for cats once a day subcutaneously for 5 days, at a dose of 0.5 ml for 5 days. Gamavit was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 0.3–0.5 ml/kg body weight (therapeutic dose). Tetravit was used as a vitamin preparation. It was injected subcutaneously 0.3 ml; once in 7 days. Improvement of the clinical condition of the diseased animal was observed the second day after the start of treatment; the animal revived, appetite appeared, the mucus-purulent discharge from the nasal cavity stopped. As bordeliosis is transmitted by airborne droplet, air disinfection was carried out using a bactericidal irradiator BactoSfera OBB 36 P with a quartz lamp. To disinfect the bactericidal lamp was switched on every day – in the morning and evening for 20 minutes.

No abstract

The article presents epizootological data and clinical signs of feline chlamydia in Poltava. According to the results of studies in 2018–2020, a wide spread of chlamydia infection among cats in the city of Poltava was established. The largest number of the studied cats, were pedigree or crossbred. There was no explicit clear seasonality, but a greater number of cases of respiratory diseases were recorded in the autumn-winter period of the year. In the structure of infectious diseases during the research period, chlamydia mono-infection was registered in 68 % of cats, association of chlamydia with infectious rhinotracheitis in 18.5 %, kalitsivirus infection in 8.6 %, with panleukopenia in 4.9 %. The greatest number of the registered cats had acute and subacute course of chlamydia. In the acute course, there was an increase in temperature, oppression and refusal to eat. In the majority of cases of acute, subacute and associated chlamydia, the structures of the eye were damaged. Conjunctivitis, keratitis, chemosis, uveitis, third eyelid inflammation, changes in the shape of the pupil developed. A Sphynx breed cat showed signs of acute chlamydial arthritis with pronounced inflammatory edema. The latent course was accompanied by abortions, which were mainly registered in young cats. Animals older than four years more often showed stillborn and weak kittens. The main clinical signs of chlamydia in kittens born from sick cats were eye lesions: swelling of the conjunctiva, its reddening and secretion of a significant amount of brown purulent exudate with the viscosity of the catarrh and as a consequence of eyelid adhesion and complications as ankyloblepharon or symblepharon. Submandibular and other lymph nodes in the head area were significantly enlarged. Often pus dried up near the mouth or nostrils. Pus crusts accumulated in the nasal cavity and prevented breathing. Gastrointestinal tract disorders were observed in some cases. Part of the affected litter died within the first three days after birth. Neonatal chlamydia was more often manifested by conjunctivitis, keratitis, panophthalmitis and growth retardation. On the second or third day after birth, the kittens showed weakness and lack of appetite. In two cases of neonatal chlamydia, bronchopneumonia developed. When chlamydia and infectious rhinotracheitis were associated, the structures of the eye were affected in all cases. These lesions could be different and depended on the stage of the infectious process.

The article presents the results of studies on the treatment scheme efficacy for columnaris in Pterophyllum scalare, common under private aquarium husbandry conditions. To establish the diagnosis, the clinical features of the diseased fish, pathological and anatomical changes and the results of microscopic and microbiological studies were taken into account. Separate chemical and microbiological parameters of aquarium water were also studied. It was established that fish disease developed against the background of adverse changes in the chemical composition and microbiocenosis of aquarium water. High alkalinity and excess of phosphates compared to the norm provoked accumulation of opportunistic microbiota, resulting in a balance disorder in the parasite-host system and development of clinical manifestation of the fish disease. During the disease outbreak, bacteriological indices of water indicated a high level of organic contamination and a low intensity of water self-purification processes. Clinically, the disease was manifested in P. scalare by decrease in appetite and motor activity, onset of ulcerative lesions of various shapes and sizes on the surface of the body and on the gill covers. Selected pure cultures of Flavobacterium columnare showed sensitivity to enrofloxacin (growth retardation zone 31.3 ± 1.0 mm); moderate resistance was found to tylosin. The microorganisms were resistant to amoxicillin, doxycycline, benzylpenicillin and tetracycline. Microscopic studies of intestinal specimens of dead P. scalare revealed numerous motile flagellates. It has been shown that an effective treatment regimen that provides recovery for 70% of diseased P. scalare is the use of enroxil 10% solution for five days, metronidazole three times a day, and “API MelaFix” for seven days. It is proved that the following measures are effective to restore the disrupted hydro-balance: periodic water replacement in the amount of 20% of the total volume, providing the aquarium with active aeration systems, planting slow-growing plants and reducing the amount of fish food provided. The measures developed were efficient, they led to elimination of the outbreak of columnaris in the P. scalare and to restoration of biological equilibrium in a closed aquatic ecosystem.