No abstract

The results of studies on the influence of AKM plant growth regulator (PGR) on growth, development and yield formation of different sunflower hybrids (Zubr, Odes'kyi 249, Forvard, Yason) in low humidity of the southern Steppe of Ukraine are presented. Presowing treatment of seeds of different sunflower hybrids with AKM plant growth regulator causes an increase in leaf surface area by an average of 7%; increases sunflower plant resistance to abiotic stress and increases productivity by 13-31%.

ÂñòóïÑîíÿøíèê íàëåaeèòü äî ïðîâ³äíèõ îë³é-íèõ êóëüòóð Óêðà¿íè òà áàãàòüîõ ³íøèõ êðà¿í ñâ³òó.  íàñ³ííèöòâ³ ñîíÿøíèêó ³ñòîò-íîþ ïðîáëåìîþ º íèçüêà ïðîäóêòèâí³ñòü áàòüê³âñüêèõ ôîðì, ÿêà ñòðèìóº øâèäêå âïðîâàäaeåííÿ ó âèðîáíèöòâî íîâèõ ã³áðè-ä³â ð³çíèõ ãðóï ñòèãëîñò³ òà ïðèçíà÷åííÿ [1].Ó çâ'ÿçêó ç ï³äâèùåííÿì ïîïèòó íà íà-ñ³ííÿ ã³áðèä³â ñîíÿøíèêó çðîñòàþòü âèìîãè äî ä³ëÿíîê ã³áðèäèçàö³¿, äå âèðîùóþòü íà-ñ³ííÿ ã³áðèä³â ïåðøîãî ïîêîë³ííÿ, â ïåðøó ÷åðãó äî êîìïëåêñó àãðîòåõí³÷íèõ ïðèéîì³â, ùî â³äïîâ³äàþòü á³îëî㳿 òà åêîëî㳿 êóëüòó-ðè é çàáåçïå÷óþòü îòðèìàííÿ âèñîêîãî âðî-aeàþ [2][3][4][5]. Íà öåé ÷àñ, ïîðÿä ç ãåíåòèêî-ñåëåêö³éíèìè ìåòîäàìè, íå ìåíø âàaeëèâèì âèäàºòüñÿ ðîçðîáëåííÿ òåõíîëîã³÷íèõ ñïî-ñîá³â ðîçâ'ÿçàííÿ ö³º¿ ïðîáëåìè øëÿõîì ñòè-ìóëÿö³¿ ðîñòîâèõ òà ðåïðîäóêòèâíèõ ïðîöå-ñ³â çà äîïîìîãîþ çàñòîñóâàííÿ ðåãóëÿòîð³â ðîñòó ðîñëèí (ÐÐÐ) íà ð³çíèõ åòàïàõ îíòîãå-íåçó, ùî º åôåêòèâíèì çàñîáîì ï³äâèùåííÿ íàñ³ííºâî¿ ïðîäóêòèâíîñò³ ë³í³¿ òà ã³áðèä³â ñîíÿøíèêó [6][7][8].Ðåãóëÿòîðè ðîñòó ðîñëèí çäàòí³ ³ñòîòíî çá³ëüøóâàòè âðîaeà¿ òà ïîë³ïøóâàòè ÿê³ñòü ïðîäóêö³¿ ñîíÿøíèêó. Âîíè ï³äâèùóþòü ñò³éê³ñòü ïðîòè íåñïðèÿòëèâèõ óìîâ, çîêðå-ìà ï³äâèùåíèõ òåìïåðàòóð, íåñòà÷³ âîëîãè, ô³òîòîêñè÷íî¿ ä³¿ ïåñòèöèä³â, óðàaeåííÿ õâîðîáàìè òîùî [9][10].

Aim. The goal of this research was to determine the infl uence of AKM plant growth regulator on the perfor- mance of large-seed Lakomka sunfl ower variety, sowing and yielding properties of seeds. Methods. Agro- chemical and biometric methods. Mathematical analysis of the results was carried out by Student’s test and licensed Agrostat computer program. Results. The results of the study on the impact of AKM plant growth regulator (PGR) on growth, development and yield formation of sunfl ower in low moisture conditions of Southern Steppe of Ukraine are presented. Pre-sowing seed treatment of Lakomka sunfl ower variety with AKM plant growth regulator causes an increase in leaf surface area by 22 %; pollen fertility – by 27 %; reduces the phenological phases by 2−4 days on average, increases the resistance of sunfl ower plants to abiotic stress and increases yield by 26 %. It is proven that the proportion of the impact of water stress of the studied year (58.4 %) is signifi cantly higher than that of the impact of PGR (32.7 %). Conclusions. AKM plant growth regulator is recommended for the use on sunfl ower in 0.015 g/l concentration.

There is an acute problem of providing the population with food products that would not only fully satisfy the energy needs of the human body, but also provide the physiological needs of the human body in vitamins, minerals and other biologically active substances. An important role in providing the population with micronutrients can be played by berries, which are a natural concentrate of biologically active substances. Lowtemperature technologies for preserving berries can significantly increase the production of this high-value raw material, due to which it is possible to significantly improve the nutrition structure, thereby improving the quality of life of the population. This explains the rapid growth in the last decade of the production of frozen fruits and berries and, as a result, the intensive development of food low-temperature technologies. The experimental data during the studies were obtained. The temperature regimes for storing berries with the preservation of quality indicators are given. Low-temperature processing is sometimes the only feasible method of practically year-round storage and transportation for unlimited distances, so freezing in growing areas is a promising method to solve the problem of delivering berries at any distance, to eliminate the seasonality of its consumption, which ensures the stability of nutritional value. Fluidization freezing, similar to drying in the suspended state, is characterized by very intense heat exchange. Freezing berries is a special method of preserving them retaining the nutritional value and taste of the product. The high speed of the process and the formation of the smallest ice crystals prevent the loss of moisture in berries.