The article highlights the analysis of 552 surgical interventions on different types of goiter performed on at the clinical base of the Department of Surgery No. 1, Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy (Poltava). The study included 491 women (88.9%) and 61 men (11.1%). Diffuse toxic goitre was diagnosed in 48 (8.7%) individuals, thyrotoxic adenoma occurred in 8 cases (1.5%), unilateral nodular goitre in 162 (29.3%), multinodular goitre in 334 (60.4%) patients. 20 (3.6%) patients were operated on relapsed goitre. The large size of the goitre, the adhesive process, and the cervical-retrosternal location of the thyroid gland complicate operating situation and often require innovative surgical decisions. Original methods for preventing the damage to the laryngeal nerves and thyroid glands, which are successfully used in non-standard surgical situations, as well as a method of mobilizing the thyroid gland in cervical and thoracic goitre. Complications during surgery were avoided by using extrafascial techniques for manipulating on the thyroid gland, using reliable controlled haemostasis and accuracy during the operation. The main factor to prevent specific intraoperative complications during surgery on the thyroid gland is a reasonable combination of the latest technology and the experience of the surgeon. Postoperative transitory hypoparathyroidism on days 7-8 was observed in 9 (1.6%) patients with normalization of clinical manifestations and calcium levels; 6 (1.1%) complained of hoarseness and weakening of the voice for 3 weeks. Most of these complications occurred in the first half of the period that was analyzed. These variants for performing surgery in difficult situations have enabled to improve the results of surgical treatment.

Objective. To determine the peculiarities of operative technique in surgical treatment of patients with nodular goiter on background of autoimmune thyroiditis. Materials and methods. The results of surgical treatment of nodular goiter, basing on data from surgical clinic of the Second Clinical Hospital in City of Poltava through 2003 - 2017 yrs were adduced. There were operated 549 patients, suffering nodular goiter. There were 58 (10.6%) men and 491 (89.4%) women. Unilateral nontoxic nodular goiter was observed in 187 (34.1%) patients, multinodular nontoxic – in 322 (58.7%), multinodular toxic – in 30 (5.5%), thyreotoxic adenoma – in 21 (3.8%) patients. Cervico-retrosternal goiter was in 110 (20.0%) patients. For recurrent goiter 21 (3.8%) patients were operated. Malignant tumors were revealed intraoperatively or after definite histological investigation in 22 (4/0%) patients. Of 108 patients, to whom, basing on the disease clinical signs, laboratory data and preoperative cytological investigation the diagnosis of nodular goiter on background of autoimmune thyroiditis was established, while performing of definite postoperative investigation macromicrofollicular colloidal goiter was revealed in 41 (38%), nodular goiter with the autoimmune thyroiditis – in 51 (47.2%), cancer (papillary, follicular) – in 8 (14.8%) patients. Subtotal resection of thyroid gland was performed in 8 (15.7%) patients, hemithyroidectomy - in 12 (23.5%), extrafascial thyroidectomy – in 23 (45.1%). In patients, suffering thyroidal gland cancer, extrafascial thyroidectomy was performed, while in 3 – with central lymphodissection. Intraoperatively visual macroscopic estimation of thyroid gland and obligatory suboperative cyto- and histological investigations of the specimen obtained were performed. Operative tactics was applied in accordance to actual clinical protocols for treatment of patients, suffering surgical pathology of endocrine system. Results. Some technical measures were proposed to minimize the risk of injury of anatomic structures: lower laryngeal nerve, parathyroidal glands, trachea, the neck vessels. Conclusion. Extrafascial procedure guarantees a visual control in the risk zones and radicality of operation, minimizes the specific complications rate.

Objective. To analyze a surgical tactics and a component of operative interventions, performed for goiter of cervico-mediastinal localization; to formulate the operative technique peculiarities, which give positive effect. Materials and methods. Into the investigation the materials of clinical work in 2005 - 2019 yrs were incorporated of Department of Surgery No 2 of the Second Municipal Clinical Hospital of Poltava City, which constitutes a base of the Department of Surgery No 1 of Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy. There were analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 530 patients, suffering various forms of goiter. Results. Basing on data of complex clinic-instrumental and cytological investigations several tactically different operative interventions were performed, the content of which was directly dependent on anatomic peculiarities present. In 155 patients a cervico-mediastinal goiter was present. Conclusion. In big mediastinal goiter a severe operative situation occurs, necessitating nonstandard surgical decisions making. That is why the neck surgical access of the authors own in accordance to Kocher method was proposed. Extrafascial procedures may prevent some iatrogenic complications.

РефератМета. Оцінка загоєння післяопераційної рани і косметичного результату оперативного лікування хворих з різними формами зобу. Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовані результати хірургічного лікування різних форм зобу у 2376 пацієнтів. З 1973 по 1999 р. оперовано 1690 хворих (перший період дослідження), з 2000 по 2018 р. -686 хворих (другий період дослідження). Оцінювали характер загоєння рани під час перебування хворого в стаціонарі і кінцевий косметичний ефект протягом 6 -12 міс після виконання оперативного втручання. Результати. Визначено чинники операційної техніки, необхідні для досягнення гарного косметичного ефекту. Запропоновано і впроваджено анатомічно орієнтовані доступи, оригінальні методики експозиції щитоподібної залози (ЩЗ), дренування і закриття рани після видалення або резекції ЩЗ для забезпечення її неускладненого загоєння і доброго кінцевого косметичного результату. Висновки. Характер хірургічного доступу залежить від анатомічних даних та вимог косметичної хірургії. Екстрафасціальна методика видалення частки або всієї ЩЗ підвищує радикальність операції, сприяє гемостазу і неускладненому загоєнню рани. Запроваджений авторами доступ відповідає всім потребам хірургічного лікування даної патології. Ключові слова: щитоподібна залоза; зоб; хірургічне лікування; загоєння післяопераційної рани; косметичний ефект. AbstractObjective. Estimation of the postoperative wound healing and cosmetic result of operative treatment in patients with various kinds of goiter. Маterials and methods. Results of surgical treatment of 2376 patients, suffering various forms of goiter, were analyzed. From 1973 tо 1999 yr 1690 patients were operated (first period of investigation), and from 2000 tо 2018 yr -686 patients (second period of investigation). There were estimated the character of the wound healing while stationary treatment of patients, and a definite cosmetic effect during 6 -12 mo after performance of operative intervention. Results. The features of operative technique, needed for achievement of fine cosmetic effect, were determined. There were proposed and introduced the anatomically oriented accesses, original procedures for the thyroid gland (THG) exposition, draining and closure of the wound after total or partial resection of THG for guaranteeing of its noncomplicated healing and favorable definite cosmetic result. Conclusion. Character of surgical approach depends on anatomical data and demands for cosmetic surgery. Еxtrafascial procedure of partial or total resection of THG enhances the operation radicalism, promotes hemostasis and noncomplicated healing of the wound. The access, proposed by the authors, meets all needs of surgical treatment of this pathology. Кeywords: thyroid gland; goiter; surgical treatment; healing of postoperative wound; cosmetic effect.

Peculiarities of diagnosis and treatment of mucocele of appendix