Background. Allergic rhinitis manifestates as the local inflammation with minimum pathophysiological disorders. Revealing of local inflammatory markers in nasal secret is actual problem. The aim: to detect the levels of free hemoglobin, eosinophilic cationic protein and eosinophils in nasal secret in patients with allergic rhinitis and infectious rhinitis. Materials and methods. 60 patients with allergic rhinitis and 30 patients with infectious rhinitis were observed. The diagnosis and severity of disease were rated in conformity with international standards. Results. Mean level of free hemoglobin in patients with allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in comparison with the group of infectious rhinitis and had compiled 55,9 mkg/ml and 6,1 mkg/ml. The quantity of eosinophils more than 10% was observed in 43,9% of cases in patients with allergic rhinitis and in 11,1% in patients with infectious rhinitis. Frequency of elevated level of eosinophilic cationic protein in patients with allergic rhinitis has made 87,9%, in comparison with infectious rhinitis where it corresponded to 28%. The highest sensitivity (87,9%) was found in method of definition of eosinophilic cationic protein. Method of free hemoglobin's definition was characterized by high parameter of correct diagnosis's probability - 97,3%. Conclusion. Methods of definition of eosinophilic cationic protein and free hemoglobin in nasal secret had possessed with the highest diagnostic efficiency.
The pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis is still unknown. The aim. To estimate IgE-antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxines and fungal allergens mix in nasal polyps'supernatant and sera of three phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis. Patients and methods. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis with aspirin intolerance - 12 patients, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis with atopy - 15 patients, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis without atopy and aspirin intolerance - 10 patients, and 6 healthy persons were observed. The levels of ECP, tryptase, total IgE, IgE-antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxines, fungal mix in sera and supernatant of polyp's tissue were detected by ImmunoCaplOO (Phadia AB). Results. The incidence of IgE-antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxines makes up 12,6% in the sera of all patients, and 30% in polyp's tissue in nonatopic patients and in none of atopics. The local production of IgE-antibodies to fungi in polyp's tissue was high and revealed in 30-73% of all patients (more often in patients with aspirin intolerance - in 73% of cases). There was no dependence between the incidence of IgE-antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxines, fungal allergens mix in the sera and polyps and the chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Conclusion. The incidence of IgE-antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxines, fungal allergens mix in polyp's tissue is higher than in sera as in atopic as in nonatopic pts. There were IgE-antibodies to fungi in polyp's tissue in 73% of patients with aspirin intolerance. The presence of IgE-antibodies did not influence on the level of ECP and severity of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis .
Лаборатория иммунологии, биохимии и микологии, Государственное учреждение Федеральный научноклинический центр оториноларингологии Росздрава, Москва Резюме. В патогенезе поздней фазы аллергического воспаления слизистой носа эозинофилам отводят ведущую роль. В работе было поведено определение уровней эозинофилов в назальном секрете у 33 больных персистирующим аллергическим ринитом (ПАР) и 25 пациентов с хроническим инфекционным ринитом (ХИР), а также уровней эозинофильного катионного протеина (ЕСР) в назальном секрете и сыворотке крови, и определена диагностическая значимость этих показателей. Содержание эозинофилов в назальном секрете определяли с помощью эксфолиативного цитологического анализа. Забор назального секрета у пациентов проводили абсорбционным методом. Стандартизация образцов проводилась в соответствии с концентрацией мочевины в назальном секрете и сыворотке крови. Уровни ЕСР в назальном секрете и сыворотке крови были определены иммунохемилюминесцентным методом (UniCAP 100, Phadia, Швеция). Средний уровень эозинофилов в назальном секрете у больных ПАР был в 4,6 раз выше, чем у пациентов с ХИР. Средние значение концентрации ECP в сыворотке крови и назальном секрете в группе больных ПАР составили 30,5±28 мкг/л и 402,7±326,9 мкг/л соответственно. В группе больных ХИР-12,4±11,5 мкг/л и 86,9±137,4 мкг/л. Различия были достоверными (р < 0,05). Взаимосвязи между концентрацией ECP в сыворотке крови и назальном секрете и между количеством эозинофилов и уровнем ECP в назальном секрете не было выявлено. Наибольшей чувствительностью обладал метод определения концентрации ECP в назальном секрете, наибольшей специфичностью-метод определения содержания эозинофилов в назальном секрете. Уровень ЕСР в назальном секрете характеризует активную фазу аллергического воспаления и может быть использовать как количественный параметр оценки тяжести течения ПАР.
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