Results NAFLD was diagnosed in 8.5% of overweight and 24.9% of obese children. In obese children the prevalence of NAFLD was 22.3% for age group 6-11.9 years and 35.5% for age group 12-19 years. There was no significant difference between girls and boys (P= 0.521). Age was similar in children with and without NAFLD (P= 0.766). An increase of 10 U/L of ALT, AST and ALK increased the odds of NAFLD 6%, 5% and 3%, respectively. An increase of 10 mg/dl of triglycerides and glucose were associated with a 12% and 8% increase and one of TSH with a 15% increase in the odds of NAFLD. An increase of 1 unit of HOMA-IR was associated with a 21% increase in the odds of NAFLD. Conclusions ALT, AST, ALK and HOMA-IR can predict the progression of NAFLD. Findings emphasize on the importance of prevention of obesity and early intervention to prevent abnormalities among obese children.

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Cytomegalovirus infection of the gastrointestinal tract is a relatively common occurrence in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs, those infected with HIV, or those who are transplantant recepients. CMV infection may be diagnosed if typical intranuclear inclusion bodies are seen on standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. However, the sensitivity of H&E exam for CMV infection is low. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) exam performed on colon biopsy specimens is more sensitive than routine histologic exam and has excellent specificity. Currently IHC is considered the gold standard for detecting CMV CMV infection in patients with refractory or complicated IBD should be ruled out before aggressive immunosuppressive therapy for treatment-resistant disease to decrease morbidity and mortality.

We studied biopsies of gastric mucosa and the gastric antrum bodies obtained from 60 children with chronic gastritis and chronic gastritis in combination with chronic glomerulonephritis. Clinical data of patients (age, gender, duration of the underlying disease, conducted therapy, the results of laboratory and instrumental studies) were studied. It conducts research using histological and immunohistochemical methods. A morphological study of the sections found gastrobiopsies characteristic manifestations of chronic gastritis c signs of chlamydial lesions. The immunohistochemical method determined Chlamidia trachomatis antigens in the antrum and corpus. The positive expression in the epithelial cells of glands and endothelial microvascular gastric mucosa with concomitant lesions of the stomach and kidneys. The possibility of the development of chronic gastritis chlamydial infection in chronic glomerulonephritis. Based on the obtained results was made comprehensive assessment of the gastric mucosa based on morphological, immunohistochemical and clinical data. The features of stromal-vascular responses in the development of chronic gastritis occurring in isolation and combined with chronic glomerulonephritis. The effect of steroid therapy, as a cause of decrease in protective mechanisms of gastric mucosa in children. The data supporting the need for immunohistochemical studies for the etiologic diagnosis of chronic gastritis and the subsequent selection of appropriate therapy.

The objective of the study: evaluation of the effectiveness of clinico-epidemiological and laboratory diagnostics of HIV infection in pediatric practice. Materials and methods. Under the supervision of pediatricians of the Department of motherhood and childhood of the St. Petersburg AIDS Center, there were 388 HIV-infected children aged from one month to 17 years inclusive. Due to the reasons of late detection and HIV dissidence of parents, 18 children (4%) died cumulatively among the children observed in St. Petersburg center for AIDS. The object of the immunohistochemical study was randomly selected HIV-infected children who applied to the center for prevention and control of AIDS for return visits. Material for testing for the presence of HIV-1 P24 antigen was taken from the back wall of the nasopharynx. Results. When analyzing the ways of HIV infection in children registered at the maternity and childhood Department of the Saint Petersburg AIDS Center, it turned out that 363 children were infected perinatally (93,6%), 23 (5,9%) sexually infected and 2 children through injecting drugs (0.5%). The proposed method of immunocytochemistry for the diagnosis of HIV infection in children can find its application, especially for primary diagnostics, which may simplify and reduce the cost of laboratory diagnostics.