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This article focuses on the problems of the application of AI as a tool of crime from the perspective of the norms and principles of Criminal law. The article discusses the question of how the legal framework in the area of culpability determination could be applied to offenses committed with the use of AI. The article presents an analysis of the current state in the sphere of criminal law for both intentional and negligent offenses as well as a comparative analysis of these two forms of culpability. Part of the work is devoted to culpability in intentional crimes. Results of analysis in the paper demonstrate that the law-enforcer and the legislator should reconsider the approach to determining culpability in the case of the application of artificial intelligence systems for committing intentional crimes. As an artificial intelligence system, in some sense, has its own designed cognition and will, courts could not rely on the traditional concept of culpability in intentional crimes, where the intent is clearly determined in accordance with the actions of the criminal. Criminal negligence is reviewed in the article from the perspective of a developer’s criminal liability. The developer is considered as a person who may influence on and anticipate harm caused by AI system that he/she created. If product developers are free from any form of criminal liability for harm caused by their products, it would lead to highly negative social consequences. The situation when a person developing AI system has to take into consideration all potential harm caused by the product also has negative social consequences. The authors conclude that the balance between these two extremums should be found. The authors conclude that the current legal framework does not conform to the goal of a culpability determination for the crime where AI is a tool.

The paper analyses the change in ideas about law in the digitalization era. Noting the insufficient theoretical substantiation of attempts to impose on modern law any special characteristics arising from the widespread development of digital technologies, the authors admit that in the era of virtual reality, the laws of the digital virtual world begin to actively compete with the laws of nature. This entails a slight decrease in the role of law as a traditional regulator of social relationships. However, according to the authors, one should not artificially diminish the role of law even in the era of digitalization. In this regard, the paper discusses the main trends in the study of legal digitalization processes. The first trend is due to the need to promptly respond by legal means to the emergence of new areas of legal regulation caused by the widespread use of digital information technologies. The second trend assumes the expansion and rethinking of the subject and object of legal science within the context that new digital "participants" of legal relations born due to intelligent human activity emerge. In this regard, the authors dwell on the most relevant conceptual and practical problems of using digital technologies in the processes of law education and law enforcement within the context of various approaches to legal thinking. Special attention is paid to the institution of digital (informational) rights and freedoms of citizens, as well as "traditional" individual rights in the new digital virtual reality. The paper draws conclusions about the possibilities and prospects of further legal regulation in the sphere of digital (information) legal relations and artificial intelligence, as well as the influence of information technology development processes on legal processes in general.

ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ КАК СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ РЕГУЛЯТОР: ЗА И ПРОТИВ 3Аннотация. Цифровизация влияет не только на общественные отношения, но и грозит замещением права, как регулятора отношений, на новые формы регулирования. Это означает, что в ближайшем будущем под влиянием цифровизации программный код (алгоритмы) может выполнять регуляторную функцию. Анализ процессов цифровизации позволяет прогнозировать изменение механизма правообразования и композиции существующей модели социального регулирования, коррекцию границ известных социальных регуляторов и образование в ней ниши, которую займёт программный код. По факту регулирующий алгоритм -это программный код, автоматически контролирующий или влияющий на поведение людей. Новые методы технологий искусственного интеллекта (например, глубокое машинное 1 Роман Игоревич Дремлюга, кандидат юридических наук, доцент Юридической школы Дальневосточного федерального университета, Владивосток, Россия. 2 Алексей Сергеевич Кошель, кандидат политических наук, доцент кафедры конституционного и административного права Юридической школы Дальневосточного федерального университета, Владивосток, Россия. Для цитирования: Дремлюга Р. И., Кошель А. С. Искусственный интеллект как социальный регулятор: за и против // Азиатско-Тихоокеанский регион: экономика, политика и право. 2018. № 3. С. 55-68. 3 Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ в рамках научного проекта № 18-29-16129.