Цель. Оценить влияние избыточного веса на связанное со здоровьем качество жизни (СЗКЖ) подростков (физическое функционирование (ФФ), эмоциональное функционирование (ЭФ), социальное функционирование (СФ), школьное функционирование (ШФ), психосоциальное функционирование (ПCФ)), проживающих в сельских районах Республики Бурятия. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 77 подростков с избыточным весом и ожирением, проживающих в сельских районах Бурятии (46 монголоидов и 31 европеоид) и 73 сопоставимых с ними по полу, возрасту и расово-этническому составу подростка с нормальным весом. Были измерены рост, вес, окружность талии, вычислен индекс массы тела. СЗКЖ оценено с применением русской версии опросника PedsQL™ 4.0. Результаты. У подростков-европеоидов с избыточным весом баллы СЗКЖ общего и во всех доменах оказались значительно ниже, чем у подростков с нормальным весом (все p < 0,01). Баллы СЗКЖ в подгруппах сойотов и бурят с избыточным весом не имели значимых различий и были сопоставимы с баллами группы контроля. Регрессионный анализ, выполненный с учетом пола, возраста, стадии полового созревания подростков, образования и социального статуса их матерей, показал, что принадлежность к европеоидам является независимым предиктором худшего СЗКЖ как общего, так и во всех его доменах (β =-0,42; р = 0,0001 для общего КЖ; β =-0,48; р = 0,0001 для ФФ; β =-0,32; р = 0,004 для ЭФ; β =-0,41; р = 0,0001 для СФ; β =-0,3; р = 0,007 для ШФ; β =-0,39; р = 0,001 для ПСФ). Кроме того, независимо от этнической принадлежности абдоминальный характер ожирения был связан с худшим СЗКЖ в доменах эмоционального (β =-0,26; р = 0,018), школьного (β =-0,23; р = 0,03), психосоциального (β =-0,24; р = 0,028) функционирования, а также баллами общего качества жизни (β =-0,22; р = 0,04). Заключение. Худшее качество жизни у сельских подростков с избыточным весом и ожирением в Бурятии сопряжено с принадлежностью к европеоидам и абдоминальным характером жироотложения, что обосновывает необходимость разработки этноспецифических профилактических программ.

Obesity and functional bowel disorders (FBDs) are often observed in children and share common risk factors. However, the possible relationship between these conditions has begun to be studied recently and the results obtained are ambiguous. Therefore, it is important to summarize the literature on the relationship between obesity and FBDs in children and to discuss the possible pathophysiological mechanisms mediating this. The literature suggests that obesity and FBDs are likely associated conditions. A significant link between obesity and irritable bowel syndrome in children has been confirmed by all studies on this problem. There is also a many evidence that obesity in the pediatric cohort is associated with constipation. However, it should also be noted that there are few studies of this issue, they are heterogeneous in the composition of participants and the diagnostic criteria used, in most cases they are unadjusted for potential confounders. The link between obesity and FBDs may be mediated by diet, eating habits, and psychological factors. But the most promising direction in studying the association between these conditions may be studies of the gut microbiota, changes in which can contribute to impaired intestinal immune function, the development of chronic low-grade inflammation, increased intestinal permeability, impaired motility and visceral hypersensitivity. To date, there is insufficient data to confidently confirm the existence and nature of the relationship between obesity and FBDs in children, but research in this direction can provide important information for the development of approaches to treatment, prevention and early diagnosis of both groups of diseases.

Hypertension and periodontitis are one of the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide. Hypertension is a key cardiovascular risk factor. In the recent studies, the role of periodontitis in cardiovascular pathology was also proven, However, the relation between these diseases is disputable. The review aims at investigation and systematization of the available evidence about the association between hypertension and periodontitis and the potential underlying mechanisms. We demonstrate that hypertension and periodontitis are co-morbidities, and their interrelation remains significant even when other confounders are considered. Age and the acitivity of periodontitis modify the interrelation, and the key mechanisms include inflammation and oxidative stress leading to the deterioration of vascular function and structure. On the other hand, hypertension-related hemodynamic changes can lead to bone and vascular remodeling of the parodentium which maintains local inflammation. Just a few studies assess the effects of the treatment of periodontitis on blood pressure (BP) levels. The results confirm that the assessment of parodentium and specific treatment (when required) can improve BP control. The individual and population cardiovascular effects of treatment of parodentium pathology should be assessed in complex cardiovascular examination.

BACKGROUND: The melanocortin 4 receptor gene (MC4R) codes the receptor expressed in the hypothalamus and involved in the regulation of body mass and height. Data on the association of polymorphism MC4R rs17782313 with anthropometric parameters are contradictory. AIMS: to study the influence of the carrier of polymorphism MC4R rs17782313 on the anthropometric parameters in adolescents of different ethnic groups: caucasians and mongoloids living in the Siberia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 179 caucasian adolescents (by the example of russians, average age is 15.07 1.25 years) and 182 mongoloid adolescents (by the example of the buryats, the average age is 14.71 1.28 years), 89 and 92 adolescents were included in groups with overweight and obesity (standard deviation (SDS) BMI 1), in the control groups (SDS BMI from -1 to + 1) also 90 and 90 adolescents were included in the control groups (SDS BMI from -1 to + 1) (russian and buryat, respectively). Anthropometric measurements included height, weight with the calculation of BMI and SDS BMI, WC (waist circumference), HC (hip circumference ). Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR. Statistical analysis of the results of the study was carried out using the software STATISTICA 8.0. RESULTS: We showed no association of the risky C-allele of polymorphism rs17782313 with overweight and obesity in russian adolescents (22.5% vs 17.9% OR = 1.34 (p 0.05)) and in the buryat (29.8% vs 24.1%, OR = 1.43 (p 0.05)). It was revealed that adolescent carriers of the C-allele in buryat showed higher growth in both groups (control: 162.19 cm vs 157.26 cm (p = 0.019)), the main group: 165.24 cm vs 164.91 cm (p = 0.041)), as well as weight gain in the control group (52.29 kg vs 48.05 kg (p = 0.028)). CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the study revealed the relationship of MC4R rs17782313 polymorphism with height and weight in adolescents of buryat ethnic group.