The chemical composition of the essential oil from the aerial parts of three Lamiaceae species from Uzbekistan was investigated by GC-MS analysis. β-Linalool (26.6%), α-terpineol (10.0%), coumarin (8.9%) and 4,5,7,7α-tetrahydro-4,4,7α-trimethyl-2(6H)-benzofuranone (5.4%) resulted as the main components of Ajuga turkestanica essential oil, while camphene (17.1%), 1,8-cineole (15.9%), β-cymene (7.9%) and limonene (7.4%) in Phlomis regelii. The essential oil of Thymus seravschanicus was dominated by thymol (37.5%), phellandral (26.0%), τ-terpinene (6.6%) and β-cymene (5.2%). The essential oils had considerable antimicrobial activity against different bacterial strains and fungi. Among the tested samples of essential oils, P. regelii essential oil has the significant antioxidant activity with IC value of 117.8 ± 8.02 μg/mL.

Essential oils obtained from the aerial parts of Phlomis bucharica, P. salicifolia and P. sewerzowii were determined using GC-FID and GC-MS methods. A total of 76 components were identified in the three species representing 97.12, 88.34, and 96.41% of the whole oil, respectively. High percentages of thymol (20.41%) and camphor (14.46%) exist in P. bucharica oil. Methyl palmitate predominates in P. salicifolia oil representing 51.15% whereas thymol (35.76%) is the major constituent in P. sewerzowii essential oil. GC-MS analyses showed that P. bucharica and P. sewerzowii are more closely related comparable to P. salicifolia. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was assessed against different microorganisms using agar-disc diffusion and broth microdilution assay. Among the three tested species, the essential oil of P. salicifolia showed the highest antibacterial activity.

The chemical composition of lipid extracts from aerial parts of Zygophyllum oxianum was determined by GC and TLC. The yield of total lipids was 0.75% in leaves, 0.33% in stems, and 0.49% in fruit calculated for fresh plant mass. Phospholipids were represented by nine classes, of which phosphatidylcholine dominated (55.8% in leaves, 56.4% in stems, 63.7% in fruit of total PL). The n-BuOH extract from the plant aerial part exhibited noticeable antifungal activity. The CHCl 3 :MeOH (2:1) extract from leaves and stems exhibited pronounced in vitro cytotoxicity against human bladder carcinoma cell line 5637 with IC 50 6.2 Pg/mL.The plant Zygophyllum oxianum Boriss. (Zygophyllaceae) is widely distributed in Uzbekistan and is used in folk medicine as an agent against rheumatism and diabetes.In continuation of our research on the chemical composition of plants of this genus [1, 2], we studied for the first time the lipid composition including neutral lipids (NLs), phospholipids (PLs), and fatty acids of total lipids from aerial organs of Z. oxianum. Several extracts were checked for antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity.The aerial part of the plant was collected during mass fruiting. Table 1 presents the yield of organs from the aerial part and their moisture content.Leaves, stems, and fruit of freshly collected plants were frozen by liquid N 2 and ground in that form in order to preserve native substances [3,4]. Frozen and ground material was treated with acetone in order to neutralize phospholipase D and dehydrate the plant organs. Dehydrated material was worked up by the Folch method [5]. Table 1 presents the yield of pulp per organ after work up by all solvents.The acetone and CHCl 3 :MeOH extracts were evaporated and combined (6 ext ). The combined extracts were washed with H 2 O to afford the total lipids (6 l ), which were separated over a column of SiO 2 into NL, glycolipids (GL), and PL by the literature method [6] ( Table 2).The content of NL in leaves was 0.37%, which was nine times greater than in stems and four times greater than in fruit ( Table 2).The NL contained 10 classes of compounds, 6 of which were identified by qualitative reactions, chromatographic mobility, and literature data [6,7] (Table 3).Hydrocarbons, triterpenol and sterol esters, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, and sterols were common to all extracts. Chlorophyll pigments (37.3% of total NLs), free fatty acids (24.9%), triterpenol and sterol esters (16.6%), and sterols (12.4%) dominated in the leaves. Hydrocarbons, triterpenol and sterol esters, and free fatty acids dominated in stems (85.5% total sum).Fruit was dominated by triterpenol and sterol esters, triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, hydrocarbons, and sterols (96.5% total sum) ( Table 3).

The volatile compounds of hexane, benzene extracts and essential oils (EOs) isolated by steam- and hydrodistillation methods from aerial part of Alhagi canescens were studied by GC-MS analysis. Seventeen components were found in the hexane and benzene extracts, among them palmitic acid (25.2 and 22.1%), neophytadiene (7.3 and 22.3%), cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (11.0% in benzene), cis-geranyl acetate (7.8% in benzene) were major components. The first time fifty-six volatile compounds were identified in the EOs and camphor (5.9 and 27.8%), bicyclogermacrene (13.4 and 4.0%), α-copaene (6.1 and 2.6%), (-)-germacrene D (10.8 and 3.6%) and eucalyptol (3.7 and 8.1%) were the main components. The benzene, hexane extracts and EOs were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The benzene extract possess the highest antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (12.12 ± 0.20) and Staphylococcus aureus (10.04 ± 0.10).

The antibacterial and antifungal activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and Candida albicans fungal strain for alkyltetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives were evaluated. It was established, that 1,11-bis(6,7-Dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-yl)undecan shows pronounced antibacterial properties against all the microorganism strains and strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans with greater inhibition area than the reference drug. IC50 value of the compound is 2,1±0,1 μg/ml, LD50 value is 324,9±18,2 mg/kg.