The paper considers the conditions of methane hydrate existence in coal seams. The authors estimate volumes of gas emission in a fractured coal layer upon a drop in gas pressure. The authors also give the assessment of outburst hazard of coal seam edge zone.The analysis of coal and gas outbursts observed across the Kuznetsk Coal Basin from 1975 through 1982 show that the gas emission under outbursting significantly exceed the total free and desorbed gases, with taking into account natural gas content in the analyzed mines. We have previously proved that only 38.5% gas ("free" gas) can be extracted from a seam, whereas 61.5% gas is connected with the inner surfaces of coal pores [1]. The large forces between gas molecules and coal surface can result from the high inhomogeneity of polarizing electric field, or a special form of the gas molecular bond with pore water in the pore space. These compounds are clathrates, that is, the "pore water-methane-coal matrix" system can exist as the gas hydrates, given specific thermodynamic conditions. The present paper considers the possible physical conditions for gas hydrates in coal seams. The formulation of the problem lies in calculating the volume of gas emitted during gas hydrate dissociation and estimating the gas contribution to the outburst hazard.In the 1970th, a variety of authors suggested that gas hydrates in coal seams or host rocks can be formed under specific conditions, such as the presence of mixture of hydrocarbons in coal seams, lower temperature in a seam (below 20°С), and increased gas pressure (higher than 6 MPa) [2].In order to explain the effect of gas hydrates on the outburst hazard in coal seams, consider the "methane-water" phase diagram in the pressure-temperature coordinates (Fig. 1). The area of hydrates is limited to the area above the curve. For current mining depths (500-1000 m) in the eastern part of Russia, the pressure is over 5-25 MPa and the temperature is above 7-8°С, which agrees with the diagram in Fig. 1. Fig. 1. The experimental phase curve of the water-methane system [3].
Рассмотрена электростатика слоев кристалла на основе соединений 1 3 2 6 с решеткой халькопирита. Построена элементарная прямоугольная ячейка слоев кристалла, удовлетворяющая условию сходимости при расчете электростатических потенциалов по методу Монкхорста. Показано, что электростатические потенциалы на ионах и энергии слоев в приповерхностной области кристалла возрастают по модулю и сходятся к объемным значениям на расстоянии порядка 2 нм от поверхности кристалла. Установлено, что при неизменной величине тетрагонального сжатия ϒ с увеличением анионного смещения δ происходит рост по модулю потенциалов на анионах и одновалентных катионах, и заметное падение на трехвалентных катионах. Показано, что при неизменном анионном смещении с ростом ϒ уменьшаются по модулю слоевые электростатические потенциалы и кулоновские энергии слоев кристалла. Сравнение проведенных нами расчетов объемных энергий по методу Монхорста и Эвальда показывает их совпадение с точностью до пятого знака после запятой.
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