Статья принята к печати 31 июля 2014 г.Месторождение калийно-магниевых солей, Пермский край, снежный покров, химический состав. Chemical composition, deposit of potassium-magnesium salts, Perm Region, snow cover. Приведены результаты исследования химического состава снежного покрова на территории Верхнекамского месторождения калийно-магние-вых солей в зоне влияния атмосферных выбросов Березниковских калийных производственных рудоуправлений (Пермский край). С учётом специ-фики поллютантов, присутствующих в выбросах, исследования состава талой воды снежного покрова предусматривали определение концентрации основных макрокомпонентов (SO 4 2− , Cl − , NO 3 − , NO 2 − , НCO 3 − , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + ), содержания взвешенных веществ, общей минерализации и рН. Повышенные относительно фона концентрации отмечены для компонентов, непосредственно связанных с добычей и переработкой солей -Cl − , Na + , K + . Установленные аномалии имеют локальный характер и, как правило, не выходят за пределы санитарно-защитных зон предприятий.The paper presents data on the chemical composition of snow on the territory of the Verkhnekamsky salt deposit which contains salts of magnesium and potassium. Studies were carried out in the zone influenced by atmospheric emissions of the Berezniki potassium production in the Perm Region (West slope of North and Central Urals). With regard for specific character of pollutants in the emissions composition of melt water was analyzed for the purpose to determine concentrations of main chemical components (SO 4 2− , Cl − , NO 3 − , NO 2 − , НCO 3 − , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + ) as well as of suspended substances, the total mineralization, and the рН velus.

During the development of coal deposits, acid mine waters flowing to the surface cause the formation of acid sulphate soils. We study the effectiveness of soil reclamation by agrochemical and geochemical methods at the site of acid mine water discharge in the Kizel Coal Basin, carried out in 2005 using alkaline waste from soda production and activated sludge. A technosol with a stable phytocenosis was detected on the reclaimed site, and soddy-podzolic soil buried under the technogenic soil layer with no vegetation on the non-reclaimed site. The buried soddy-podzolic soil retains a strong acid рН concentration Н2О = 3. A high content of organic matter (8-1.5 %) is caused by carbonaceous particles; the presence of sulphide minerals reaches a depth of 40 cm. Technosol has a slightly acid pH reaction H2O = 5.5, the content of organic matter due to the use of activated sludge is 19-65 %, the presence of sulphide minerals reaches a depth of 20-40 cm. The total iron content in the upper layers of the technosol did not change (190-200 g/kg), the excess over the background reaches 15 times. There is no contamination with heavy metals and trace elements, single elevated concentrations of Li, Se, B and V are found.

Over a long period of time, a huge amount of technogenic bottom sediments has been accumulating in the Kosva Bay with significant concentrations of amorphous iron and aluminium hydroxides, which, in turn, are active sorbents of pollutants. This study examines the distribution of trace elements and rare earth elements and their toxicity in the Kosva Bay of the Kama Reservoir (Perm Region, Russia). In the middle reach, the Kosva River crosses the Kizel coal basin, where acid mine water is discharged from closed mines. The average content of trace elements in the samples of bottom sediments of the bay varies from 0.10 mg/kg (Se) to 176.36 mg/kg (Ba). The amount of rare earth elements varies from 66.8 to 83.6 mg/kg. The ecological significance of trace elements and rare earth elements was studied using an element-by-element assessment (EF and Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), Mean Probable Effect Concentration Quotient (PECQ), and two bioassays (Daphnia magna Straus and Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb. The highest Hg enrichment was found at two sampling points. Taking into account the average value of Igeo, the pollution by Co, V, Nb, Hg, Sn, Zn, Sm, Ni, Cr, and Gd is the highest and corresponds to extremely contaminated category. The RI values indicate that pollution categories vary from moderate risk to considerable risk. According to mean PECQ values, bottom sediments of the bay have moderate potential toxicity towards biological communities. Results of chronic and acute toxicity on test objects D. magna and Scenedesmus quadricauda Breb show the water extract from bottom sediments having no effects on the test objects. The results of the study show that in order to assess the quality of bottom sediments, an integrated approach, combining chemical and ecotoxicological analyses, is needed.

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