Rationale: The incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of newborns, is paradoxically rising despite medical advances. We demonstrated elevated bombesin-like peptide levels in infants that later developed BPD. In the 140-day hyperoxic baboon model of BPD, anti-bombesin antibody 2A11 abrogated lung injury. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that bombesin-like peptides mediate BPD in extremely premature baboons (born at Gestational Day 125 and given oxygen pro re nata [PRN], called the 125-day PRN model), similar to ''modern-day BPD.'' Methods: The 125-day animals were treated with 2A11 on Postnatal Day 1 (P1), P3, and P6. On P14 and P21, lungs were inflation-fixed for histopathologic analyses of alveolarization. Regulation of angiogenesis by bombesin was evaluated using cultured pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Measurements and Main Results: In 125-day PRN animals, urine bombesinlike peptide levels at P2-3 are directly correlated with impaired lung function at P14. Gastrin-releasing peptide (the major pulmonary bombesin-like peptide) mRNA was elevated eightfold at P1 and remained high thereafter. At P14, 2A11 reduced alveolar wall thickness and increased the percentage of secondary septa containing endothelial cells. At P21, 2A11-treated 125-day PRN animals had improved alveolarization according to mean linear intercepts and number of branch points per millimeter squared. Bombesin promoted tubulogenesis of cultured pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, but cocultured fetal lung mesenchymal cells abrogated this effect. Conclusions: Early bombesin-like peptide overproduction in 125-day PRN animals predicted alveolarization defects weeks later. Bombesinlike peptide blockade improved septation, with the greatest effects at P21. This could have implications for preventing BPD in premature infants.Keywords: bombesin; gastrin-releasing peptide; mechanical ventilation; prematurity; antibody treatment Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease of newborns, often following respiratory distress syndrome. The etiology of BPD remains enigmatic, although it has been associated with multiple factors, including mechanical ventilation, oxygen therapy, infection, inflammatory mediators, and immaturity (1-3). ''Old BPD,'' described by Northway (4), was characterized by airway injury, inflammation, segments of atelectasis alternating with cystic overexpansion, and interstitial fibrosis. Such severe BPD is now less prevalent due to improved medical care. However, BPD is still a major burden in pediatric medicine, paradoxically due to success in improving acute survival. BPD affects approximately 30% of infants weighing less than 1,000 g. ''Modernday BPD,'' occurring in infants less than 30 weeks' gestation, seems to have a different pathophysiology and is characterized by arrested alveolar development and microvascular defects (3,(5)(6)(7)(8).Although many animal models of BPD have been described (9-15), BPD in preterm baboons is most similar to human BPD clinically and path...

Subject. Removable dentures have a negative impact on supporting tissues, biochemical parameters and composition of the microflora of the oral cavity, secretory activity of the salivary glands and other processes of the maxillofacial region and the body as a whole. One of the methods that can be used in the treatment and prevention of prosthetic stomatitis is balneotherapy. In the article, using the clinical, biochemical, microbiological and histological methods, the effectiveness of the use of mineral water "Fateevskaya" in patients using removable orthopedic structures was studied. Objectives of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of procedures for small balneotherapy with the use of mineral water "Fateevskaya" in patients with removable dentures. Methods.We examined 158 elderly and senile age patients with removable dentures. Correction of removable dentures was carried out to all patients at the initial stage. All examined patients are divided into two groups. The group received the treatment with the low balneotherapy with “Fateevskaya” mineral water (78 patients, and the clinical control group (80 patients). The clinical condition of oral cavity was assessed before and after the course of low balneotherapy. Were researched: changes of mucous membrane of prosthetic bed, salivation rates, disturbance of salivary secretion, oral microbiocenosis. Results.Of the research showed that in both groups were increase of pH value, appears lower values of total protein and glucose, decrease in activity of some enzymes. This explanation is due to a decrease in the stress response to using the removable dentures, normalization of salivary glands functioning, decrease in the intensity of the phlogiston process. The results of a histological research also confirm this. The results of microbiological crops before and after the low balneotherapy indicate the oral biocenosis normalization. The positive changes in the researched parameters had significantly larger statistically valid values in the group received the treatment with the low balneotherapy with “Fateevskaya” mineral water. The results of the complex research allow us to recommend the “Fateevskaya” mineral water to low balneotherapy in dental practice.

Subject. Removable orthopedic dentures able to have a negative effect on oral cavity homeostasis. Removable partial dentures bases directly situated on soft tissues which cover toothless alveolar part and partly hard palate. Dentures bases has a direct action on mucosa, causing abnormal changes from exudation to chronic inflammation. The work reviewed morphology structure changes of the prosthesis bed mucosa under mechanical action of removable orthopedic dentures construction. Further benchmark analysis of mucosa structure feature after low balneotheraphy with "Fateevskaya" mineral water. (well number 6, Fateevskoye village, Kirovo-Chepetsky District, Kirov region). Objective ― make benchmarking study of oral mucosa structure features when exposed to balneology factors. Methods. For this purpose, bioptates from 45 patients of prosthetic dentistry clinic have been investigated. 40 patients using removable dentures no more than 4 years was devided 2 groups of 20 people. One of them is group recived the threatment with low balneotheraphy. 5 patients not used removable dentures. As a result 25 patients out of the total included in the clinical control group without balneology procedures. The medicines were subject to histological inspection. Results. Data evaluation: The findings of morphometric parameters testified about prosthetic bed mucosa changes, wich characteristic for chronic inflammatory gingival enlargement. Noted, using of mineral water improves histogenesis of oral mucosa and increases epithelization rate. Conclusions. Thu, positive effects of balneology factors in violation of the morphological structure of the mucosa were established. Based on the results obtained the patent for an invention RU 2015 114 198 A «Treatment modality of oral mucosa traumatic lesions».

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