Aim. The aim of the study was to estimate the coefficients of the equation TSmax=f(SL) considering the characteristics of an acoustic scattering model based on the morphological characteristics of the swim bladder of the Coregonus migratorius (Georgi, 1775). Material and Methods. Ninety‐nine living specimens of C. migratorius served as the study material. For each specimen, the target strength in the cage was measured using an Kongsberg Simrad EY500 echo sounder and the morphology of the swim bladder was studied. Measurements, analysis of images and data were conducted using Image Pro 6.0. Excel and SciLab software resources. Results. We determined the main morphological characteristics of the swim bladder in C. migratorius as well as the correspondence of its dimensions and proportions in relation to the length of the fish’s body. The coefficients of the equation TS=20log(SL)‐60, calculated on the results of the acoustic scattering model of a prolate spheroid, agree well with the coefficients calculated from maximum values obtained in the cage experiment. During the conversion of the coefficients relating to the allometric changes in the length of the swim bladder relative to fish length, the equation TS=23.2log(SL)‐64.4 was obtained. A comparative analysis of the available equations of the target strength for C. migratorius with those obtained in the study was undertaken. Conclusion. The equation obtained on the model of the swim bladder as a prolate spheroid adequately describes the dependence of the maximum values of the target strength on the body length of the C. migratorius and confirms the previously obtained dependence by maximum values of TS in the cage experimental conditions and can serve as a basis for further theoretical studies.

For decades now, we are talking about that in science in general, and in linguistics in particular a structuralist paradigm is naturally complemented with an anthropocentric paradigm – with its inherent attention to human cognitive structures. Following the question “how?” we more and more often ask the question “why?”. This is a logical way of development of human thought in the process of cognition of reality: first, based on the differential and integral signs, organize, and then wonder why the system looks exactly the way it looks, with its tendentiousness and illogicalities. The aim of the article is to study the correlation between lexical phenomena of metonymy and metaphor and cognitive structure of perception. This study is in line with a new scientific approach proposed by evolutionary epistemology: cognitive and evolutionary. This approach implies increased attention to human perception and logic in their evolution. Based on the information of anthroponimic sciences related to linguistics about degrees of perception and logics quality, this approach allows to see the deep reasons of phenomena being studied.

Сергей ПоПов [sergeJ popov] Об Объясняющей межъязыкОвые различия и Объединяющей разнООбразие языкОв мира универсальнОй перцептивнОй мОдели: детализация Cobiss: 1.02 Podrobno k univerzalnemu dojemalnemu modelu, ki razlaga medjezikovno razhajanje in enoti raznolikost jezikov sveta Članek je posvečen razlagi delovanja univerzalnega dojemalnega modela, ki enoti različne jezike in razkriva vzroke za medjezikovno razhajanje. Razlaga sloni na tako imenovanih stopnjah dojemalne sheme, kjer je v obdobju oblikovanja osnovnih jezikovnih struktur najbolj važno povrhnje dojemanje. Ključne besede: enotnost in razhajanje jezikov, univerzalni dojemalni model, stopnje dojemanja, slovar, fonetika, slovnica A Universal Perceptual Model Explaining Interlanguage Differences and Uniting the Diversity of World Languages: Detailed Verification This article explains the functioning of the universal perceptual model, which offers unity across different languages and makes it possible to explain the reason for interlanguage differences. Such an explanation is possible using the "degrees of perception" scheme, in which surface perception is the most important for establishing the main language structures.

Prispevek je posvečen kognitivni in evolucijski raziskavi vzrokov za izomorfizem genetičnega in lingvističnega koda, podzavestnemu razvoju semiotičnih sistemov pri posameznikih po modelu genetičnega koda ter bolj razvitemu orodju v lingvističnem kodu.

Метод расщепления по физическим процессам последовательно применен к задачам подземной гидромеханики, связанным с газовыми гидратами и учитывающим наличие льда и фазовый переход лед-вода, а также присутствие соли и растворенного в воде газа. Системы приведены к блочному виду, с разделением диссипативной и гиперболической части. Методом характеристик показано, что обычную аппроксимацию коэффициентов против потока здесь надо модифицировать. Используя правило фаз Гиббса, произведен выбор определяющих переменных в зонах течения, отличающихся друг от друга по количеству фаз и компонент. Построена общая математическая модель для всей области протекания процесса, учитывающая динамическое возникновение и исчезновение подобных зон в результате фильтрации и фазовых переходов. На основе разработанных дискретных алгоритмов численно исследуется задача взаимодействия вертикального разлома и горизонтального пласта, содержащего газовый гидрат, с динамическим переходом гидратно-равновесной и талой зон.