Researches to study the milk productivity dependence of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy cows on genotypic and paratypic factors were conducted in the breeding farm PAE "Piskivske" Bakhmach district of Chernihiv region. The most representative five genotypic groups of animals divided by the conditional share of heredity of Holstein breed were studied: I - livestock with a share of blood 50.01-56.25; II - 56.26-62.50; III - 62.51-75.00 and IV - 75.01-87.50; V - 87.51% and <. By comparing different genotype groups of cows installed dependence of yield amount on conditional share of inheritance Holstein breed. With the growth conditional proportion of Holstein blood, milk yield increased during the evaluated first three and higher lactations. The high and reliable effect was found on the yield amount of cows firstborn by factors of birth (  = 0.329) and calving (   = 0.336). The share of birth and calving season influence on milk yield although insignificant but reliable and amounted to 3.7 and 5.3%, respectively. The value of milk yield of cows firstborn in the controlled herd greatly depended on the sire genotype (  = 0.315), cow's conditional blood by Holstein breed (  = 0.264), father breeding value (   = 0.335) and mother cow's father (  = 0.340), paternal (   = 0.163) and maternal line (   = 0.089). According to research results was substantiated expediency of monitoring selection information, identification and use of animal-specific patterns of leading traits development of milk productivity depending on the geno-  and paratypic factors influence in the selection process of pedigree herd formation.

Purpose. To classify the models of assets and liabilities of the Visegrad Group and compare them with similar indicators of Ukraines international investment position. Methodology. The separation of models is carried out by three criteria: the formation of the structure, the degree of risk and the activity of the state. The asset model of Ukraines international investment position is defined as dynamic, with low risk and moderate government intervention. The liability model is also dynamic, but with high risk and increased government activity. Ukrainian economic models are not similar to any of the studied European models and are irrational by most criteria. Finding. Based on the comparison of the models of assets and liabilities formed in Ukraine with similar indicators of the Visegrad Group countries, a number of hypotheses about the strategy of improving the international investment position of Ukraine have been expressed. The basis for solving these problems should be activities aimed primarily at solving the internal problems of Ukraine, which can improve the mechanisms of direct and portfolio investment. Originality. An original methodology for classifying the models of assets and liabilities of the countrys international investment position has been developed. Its approbation by the example of Visegrad countries and Ukraine allowed finding the strengths and threats of different models and predict future scenarios of changes in the international investment position. Practical value. The developed methods for assessing the models of international investment position of the country can be used in other studies, which will allow developing countries to choose a certain international model to develop their own strategy for managing international financial flows.

У статті обґрунтовано доцільність побудови системи продажів торговельних підприємств з урахуванням швидкої адаптації до зміни чинників непередбачуваного зовнішнього середовища. Розглянуто підходи до визначення системи продажів та подано власне поняття досліджуваної дефініції як сукупності бізнес-процесів, об’єднаних в моделі, реалізація яких забезпечує можливість встановлення зони зростання бізнесу та визначення нових векторів розвитку за різних економічних ситуацій. Досліджено сферу торгівлі України у 2016–2021 рр. і січні 2022 р. та за допомогою спроектованих спарклайнів встановлено основні тренди її розвитку з метою використання суб’єктами господарювання для формування системи продажів. Побудовано бізнес-модель адаптаційної системи продажів торговельних підприємств за процесним підходом з виділенням взаємопов’язаних елементів як підгрунтя визначення сценаріїв розвитку за різних економічних ситуацій.