Рассматривали целесообразность применения нетрадиционных видов растительного сырья в рецептуре и технологии производства макаронных изделий с низким гликемическим индексом для диетического лечебного и диетического профилактического питания при избыточном весе; анализировали и систематизировали данные о пищевой ценности и технологических характеристиках вносимых обогащающих добавок. Применяли общепринятые методы исследований: систематизация, анализ, обобщение. Объектами исследований явились доступные отечественные и зарубежные информационные базы данных; интернет-источники. Приведен обзор научных трудов российских и зарубежных исследователей по перспективному во всем мире направлению усовершенствования ассортимента макаронной продукции с использованием в производстве нетрадиционного сырья. Рассмотрены некоторые способы расширения использования имеющейся сырьевой базы, новые рецептуры и технологии изготовления макаронных изделий с применением не только зерновых культур, но и бобовых, овощных, фруктовых, ягодных. Выявлены проблемы и тенденции в макаронной отрасли. Выбраны и обоснованы компоненты для рецептуры макаронных изделий с низким гликемическим индексом для диетического лечебного и диетического профилактического питания при избыточном весе: спельта, брокколи, шпинат, краснокочанная капуста. Исследование имеет теоретическое значение, предшествует экспериментальной части по расширению ассортимента и повышению качества макаронных изделий с низким гликемическим индексом. Ключевые слова: макаронные изделия; рецептура; гликемический индекс; спельта; овощи.

Introduction. New food safety management systems (FSMS) can contribute to safe production of high quality products that meet the current legal and regulatory standards. The research objective was to develop requirements for a new FSMS, which would make it possible to produce quality pasta made from whole-grain flour and vegetable powders. Study objects and methods. The research featured a whole-grain pasta factory, a technological process of vegetable pasta production, and various elements of FSMS. Results and discussion. The article introduces product description and process flow chart for successful development, implementation, and maintenance of a new FSMS of pasta production. It describes potential physical, chemical, and biological hazards, as well as critical processes. The hazard analysis included probability level and severity of consequences. The study revealed the related unacceptable risks and critical control points, as well as their critical limits. Six critical control points were identified at the stages of kneading, pressing, drying, and stabilization. The paper contains a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) plan with a full description of the controlled parameters, their critical limits, monitoring systems, and corrective actions. Conclusion. The new HACCP-based safety management system reduces the response time and increases the responsibility of personnel. It reduces possible losses in case of failures or returns as it improves the product quality. The developed FSMS gives new market options and increases the loyalty of consumers and business partners. As a result, the company becomes more efficient in achieving its goals.

Introduction. For patients with gluten intolerance, diet therapy is the main method of treatment. However, gluten-free diets are found lacking in many important components. Children that fail to consume neccessary nutrients or have problems with their absorption tend to be physically retarded. Gluten-free diet may increase the risk of autoimmune diseases, especially type I diabetes. Therefore, products for children with celiac diseases should be both gluten-free and have adequate bioavailability of carbohydrates. This article features the chemical composition of amaranth, the geometric structure of starch grains, and its effect on the formation of colloidal solutions. It also compares the glycemic index (GI) of amaranth with other gluten-free grains, i.e. rice, buckwheat, and corn. Study objects and methods. The research featured native amaranth grain (Amaranthus cruentus) (Mexico), puffed amaranth kernels (Mexico), and coarse granular amaranth flour (Mexico). Results and discussion. Amaranth grain contains 12.5–23% of protein, 50.7–77.0% of carbohydrates, 6.0–8.0% of lipids, 10.5–18.3% of dietary fiber, and 2.5–3.5% of minerals. The GI of amaranth and its products were compared with similar values of other glutenfree crops, namely rice, buckwheat, and corn. Amaranth grain and its products demonstrated a higher GI, if compared with other gluten-free grain raw materials. The GI of amaranth grain was 87, the GI of the puffed amaranth kernels was 101, and the GI of the coarse granular amaranth flour was 97. Amaranth starch is easy to digest, which is mainly due to the high content of amylopectin (88 to 98%), since amylopectin breaks down faster than amylose. The relatively small size of starch granules (1.5–3.0 microns) increases the attack capacity of enzymes. These properties make amaranth starch glycemic, or low-resistant, which means that amaranth is easily digested and possesses stability to retrogradation. Conclusion. The unique nutritional and functional properties of amaranth gluten-free products can significantly improve the diet of children with gluten intolerance. However, amaranth starch and its products have a high GI. Hence, it is necessary to control the percentage of these components in formulations and be careful with the selection of additional components and their impact on the total GI.

Introduction. Diet therapy is one of the main approaches to the treatment of various diseases of the digestive system. A strict lifetime diet is the main method of treatment for gluten intolerance. However, young patients, who are particularly sensitive to dietary restrictions, often fail to follow the diet due to the limited menu of recommended foods and dishes. The diet for children with gluten intolerance should include a sufficient amount of gluten-free grain-based products. They provide children with carbohydrates, dietary fibers, vegetable proteins, fats, B vitamins, and minerals, e.g. potassium, magnesium, selenium, etc. In this regard, it is urgent to develop new types of specialized gluten-free products to expand the diet both in terms of nutritional value and taste diversity. Study objects and methods. The research is part of a project on the development of dry gluten-free mixes based on buckwheat and amaranth with fruit, vegetable, and berry raw materials. The new formulations are intended for children older than three years of age with gluten intolerance. The research objective was to study the main nutrients in amaranth and buckwheat flours. The study involved the method of infrared spectroscopy using a SpectraStar 2500 analyzer. The data obtained made it possible to calculate the nutritional and energy value of products based on amaranth and buckwheat flours, as well as fruit, vegetable, and berry powders intended for children older than three years of age with gluten intolerance. Results and discussion. Amaranth flour proved to be rich in protein (13.4%), lipids (5.1%), and ash (2.8%). Native buckwheat flour contained 7.5% of protein, 3.6% of lipids, and 1.4% of ash. The carbohydrate content appeared approximately the same in both samples (56–58%). The dry gluten-free mixes can serve as an important source of vegetable protein (up to 9.44 g per 100 g of the finished product), carbohydrates (up to 40.08 g per 100 g of the finished product, and energy (from 158.12 to 221.85 kcal per 100 g of the finished product). Conclusion. The high nutritional and biological value of amaranth and buckwheat flours, as well as fruit, vegetable, and berry powders, confirmed the prospect of using them as the main components for functional foods. Amaranth and buckwheat contain no gluten but are rich in protein, amino acids, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, minerals, and biologically active elements, which makes them an important source of nutrition for children with gluten intolerance.

Introduction. As a trace element, selenium is present in humans as part of selenoproteins. It improves the work of the antioxidant defense system and produces a strong immunomodulatory effect. Selenium is part of about 30 biologically active compounds of human body. However, selenium deficiency is considered a global problem. The research objective was to determine the selenium content in the developed pasta products. Study objects and methods. The study featured laboratory samples of pasta made from a mix of whole wheat spelt flour, buckwheat, and low-temperature drying powders of broccoli and celery. The selenium content was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy with electrothermal atomization with a palladium nitric acid matrix modifier. The experiment employed a Hitachi 180-80 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. To determine the selenium content, the samples underwent wet mineralization in nitric and perchloric acids. Adding hydrogen peroxide and ethanol made it possible to convert selenium from inorganic and organic forms into selenite ions. Results and discussion. The research involved domestic natural raw materials. The components proved to be good sources of selenium, which means that they can be used to produce functional products. The selenium content ranged from 105.7 ± 22 mkg/kg to 302.5 ± 17 mkg/kg in the samples. Taking into account the loss of selenium during cooking, the selenium content in 100 g of the finished product ranged from 13.5% to 38.5 %. Conclusion. The developed pasta products proved excellent sources of selenium. The use of buckwheat flour and vegetable powders in the formulation of wholegrain spelt dough increased the selenium content in the pasta by 40.7–186.2 %. The obtained results can be used for tables of the chemical composition of Russian food products.