Представлен обзор современных методов инструментальной и лабораторной диагностики кристаллических артропатий. Обсуждаются достоинства и недостатки лучевых методов исследования в выявлении критериев и построении дифференциального ряда среди различных по природе кристаллических депозитов. Показано, что метод ультразвуковой диагностики обладает высокой чувствительностью и специфичностью в диагностике кристаллических артропатий.Введение в диагностическую практику ультразвукового метода исследования позволит значительно повысить точность диагностики кальцификатов с последующим своевременным назначением лечебной и профилактической тактики пациентами с данным типом артрита, а новый набор диагностических критериев применительно к ультразвуковому исследованию в артрологии может способствовать дальнейшему повышению точности диагностики кристаллических артропатий.Ключевые слова: УЗИ, радиология, кристаллические артропатии, подагрический артрит, гидроксиапатитная артропатия, пирофосфатная артропатия.Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов, связанных с публикацией настоящей статьи.Источник финансирования. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии финансирования.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are a group of socially significant diseases of childhood because of the high prevalence of a chronic nature, as well as a large percentage of early disability. JIA is a collection of diseases that have different start, course and outcome, as well as various etiologies, which emphasizes the difficulties in the diagnosis process in children. When this disease is progressive in nature, leads to loss of function of the musculoskeletal system, severe disability at an early age and, therefore, needs early diagnosis and adequate therapy appointment.Significant role in identifying pathology osteoarticular system belongs radiological methods and routine radiography remains the most widely used technique included in the classification criteria of the majority of rheumatic diseases. However, it is well known that secondary structural changes in the bones precedes roentgen period, and therefore the X-rays can not be regarded as a method of early diagnosis with articular syndrome. Widely introduced in recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has more say in the assessment of capabilities of the joints, as in addition to assessment of bone allows quantitatively and qualitatively assess changes in the synovial membrane, articular cartilage, the presence and severity of inflammatory changes in the periarticular soft tissue and bone tissue. The data obtained using MRI may be used for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring response to treatment, including early stage disease.Nevertheless, despite the obvious opportunities MRI, this technique is not widely used, including the lack of clear diagnostic criteria for the disease, the lack of centralized research validated, standardized protocols for conducting MRI studies of children with articular syndrome. Thus, research is warranted to address a number of clinical and diagnostic aspects in JIA, in particular the development of the scoring system assessing the severity and progression of the disease.

The results of joints's magnetic resonance imaging of 10 patients with severe form of hemophilic artropathy are discussing in this article. The purpose of research was to study the state of soft tissue and bone intraarticulare's structures in present group of patients. The form of bones, condition of an articulate cartilage, the joint’s tendons and ligaments, synovium, presence of an intraarticulate exudate, presence and extent of adjournment haemosiderin, and also signal characteristics of a marrow were estimated.

Для установления информативности магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ) в выявлении патологических изменений внутрисуставных структур у больных ювенильным идиопатическим артритом были выполнены МРТ и рентгенография кистей 6 пациентам (11 кистей) в возрасте от 10 до 17 лет (средняя длительность заболевания (42,0  20,5) мес).Выявлен широкий спектр изменений костных и мягкотканных структур, включающих синовит, костные эрозии, теносиновит, отек костного мозга. Показано преимущество МРТ по сравнению с рентгенографией в количестве выявленных эрозий различной локализации. Установлена распространенная пролиферация синовия, сопоставлены данные МРТ с клиниколабораторными показателями активности воспаления. Данные, полученные при МРТ, могут быть использованы для диагностики, прогнозирования и мониторинга ответа на проводимую терапию, в том числе в раннюю стадию заболевания.Ключевые слова: магнитно-резонансная томография, ювенильный идиопатический артрит, синовит, костные эрозии, теносиновит, отек костного мозга.To establish the informativeness of MRI in detecting lesions in patients with intra-articular structures of juvenile idiopathic arthritis was performed MRI and radiography of hands six patients (11 hands) at the age of 10 to 17 years old (the average length of illness (42.0  20.5) months)A wide range of changes in bone and soft tissue structures, including synovitis, bone erosion, tenosinovitis, bone marrow edema revealed. The advantage of MRI compared with radiography identified erosions in the amount of different localization. The proliferation of established synovitis, compared with the MRI data of clinical and laboratory parameters of inflammatory activity widespread. The data obtained from MRI can be used for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring response to treatment, including early stage disease.

Objective: to compare the quality of residual colonic content tagging with 25 and 50 g of BAR-VIPS, the basе of which is barium sulfate (BaSO4), in preparing patients for virtual colonoscopy (VСS) and to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the method in both cases.Material and methods. The paper presents the results of VCS in 100 patients divided into two groups containing equal numbers (n = 50) according to the contrast medium dose (25 and 50 g). In each group, the quality of fecal tagging (FT) was compared by its presence and degree and by the presence and completeness of high-density artifacts for residual liquid and solid fragments separately. The reliability of the results of VCS versus fibrocolonoscopy was assessed in detecting additional colon tumors of three sizes (<6, 6-9, and ≥10 mm) in each group of patients. These results were used to calculate the diagnostic efficiency of VCS in each group.Results. The investigation showed significantly lower FT quality indicators in the patients using 25 g of BAR-VIPS than in those having 50 g of the same agent (p = 0.00001). Naturally to the quality of FT, all VCS information capability indices for all sizes of colonic tumors were lower in the 25-g group than those in 50g group.Conclusion. The option of preparing patients for VCS using residual colonic content tagging with 50 g of barium-containing BAR-VIPS has been found to have a significant advantage over that using 2 g of the same agent. This is shown in the better quality of FT and in the higher diagnostic efficiency of the method.