First preliminary results of the balloon-borne experiment SPHERE-2 on the allnuclei primary cosmic rays (PCR) spectrum and primary composition are presented. The primary spectrum in the energy range 10 16 -5 · 10 17 eV was reconstructed using characteristics of Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation of extensive air showers (EAS), reflected from a snow surface. Several sources of systematic uncertainties of the spectrum were analysed. A method for separation of the primary nuclei' groups based on the lateral distribution function' (LDF) steepness parameter is presented. Preliminary estimate of the mean light nuclei' fraction f30−150 at energies 3 · 10 16 -1.5 · 10 17 eV was performed and yielded f30−150= (21±11) %.

Due to new requirements of the Russian laws on the environment and energy efficiency, studies on effective methods for recovering waste heat from flue gases are crucial. Most oil and gas, metallurgy and chemical manufacturers remove high-temperature process gases. Gas cooling preceding cleaning reduces a volume of cleaned gases. For example, the most efficient dust and gas cleaning systems usually operate at a gas temperature of up to 200 °C. An increase in gas temperature can cause irreversible deformations of metal structures of the gas cleaning equipment and its premature failure. In addition, bag filters used for gas cleaning have strict limitations on gas temperature. As a part of the present project, an optimal design of staggered heat exchange elements in the form of perforated copper ribs was developed. The design documentation was developed and an experimental heat exchanger was designed. To monitor and control heat exchanger parameters, sensors were installed on the experimental heat exchanger (EHE). The algorithms of the automated system were developed. Laboratory and pilot tests proved the efficiency of the equipment designed for cooling waste process gases. The heat exchanger can be installed in gas flues of various diameters. The number of cooling units depends on technical requirements and operating and installation conditions.

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