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Abstract. The purpose of the study is to study the effect of environment and genotype on the expression of ear leucochroism in winter rye plants. Methods. The research was carried out in the laboratory of immunity and plant protection of FASC of the North-East. The conditions and peculiarities of the expression of ear leucochroism and stalk albinosis in 48 domestic varieties of winter rye was studied in field and laboratory experiments. In tested populations, count of such biotypes, phytopathological and microbiological analysis of root system and grain in affected plants were done. Repetition in in vivo studies – 2-fold, in vitro – 4-fold. Results. Five cultivars of a rye bred in FASC of the North-East (Sarmat, Falenskaya universal’naya, Garmoniya, Grafinya, and Perepel) with defeat up to 0.10 %, and 11 domestic cultivars of some Russian research institutions (Moskovskaya 2, Saratovskaya 7, Marusenka, Talovskaya 33, Pamyaty Bambysheva, Solnechnaya, Antares, HBAK-285/15, Slavia, Talovskaya 41, and Alpha) with defeat up to 0.07 % are revealed at a state of this trait at the indicator – 0.31 %. A positive link was found between root infection and plant ear leucochroism (r = 0.15 and r = 0.30), but there was no clear evidence of the dependence of the nature and degree of grain infection on the state of the trait. The level of ear leucochroism is significantly affected by the density of the plant stand due to the resistance to snow mold in regional conditions (r = 0.29 and r = 0.79). The dominant contribution of the genotype to the variability of the sign of ear leucochroism, which amounted to 68.4 % in new populations bred in FASC of the North-East, and in cultivars of domestic breeding – 59.4 %, has been established. A significant effect of the microenvironment (31.0 % and 39.6 %) on pathogenesis, expressed in field test repeats, was also found.

/07 и Перепел, которые можно использовать как генисточники в различных селекционных программах. Установлено, что сорта озимой ржи селекции ФАНЦ Северо-Востока отличаются высокой выносливостью к снежной плесени (отрастание после поражения при искусственной инокуляции Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Sam. et. Hall. в среднем по сортам 61,4%), но они более восприимчивы к стеблевой ржавчине (степень поражения в условиях естественных эпифитотий в среднем 40,0%). По урожайности выделяются сорта Рада, Флора, Рушник, Графиня, Ниоба и Леда, которые превысили стандарт Фаленская 4 в среднем за три года на 0,08-0,26 т/га. Методом биотипического отбора на совмещенном инфекционном фоне по спорынье и фузариозу колоса созданы три популяции: ФК 7-10/12, Графит и Грация. В отдельные годы они превосходили стандартный сорт Фалёнская 4 по урожайности; отличались высокой зимостойкостью, крупнозерностью и устойчивостью к полеганию. Ключевые слова: экологическое и конкурсное испытание, грибные болезни, селекция на устойчивость, инфекционный и провокационный фон, источники устойчивости, новые популяции озимой ржи

In 2017-2020 in the conditions of Kirov region there were studied 143 varieties, 115 perspective lines and 28 hybrids of the first generation of spring soft wheat according to the degree of resistance to septoria tritici blotch against the background of the natural development of infection. It has been established that development of the disease significantly increased with a decrease in air temperature during the «seedling-tillering» phase (r = -0.83…-0.96) and an increase in the amount of precipitation during «shooting» phase (r = +0.87…+0.90). Resistance to septoria tritici blotch was shown by 16.1 % collection samples. A significant (r = -0.83) decrease in yield by an average of 19 % in susceptible samples compared to resistant ones was revealed. The greatest breeding and immunological value were represented by the varieties of Russian selection: Tobolskaya, Tyumenskaya 29, Moskovskaya 35 and МIS, among which the early variety MIS was tolerant to septoria tritici blotch. Thirteen lines resistant to septoria tritici blotch were identified from the new breeding material. The varieties selected for resistance to septoria tritici blotch were used in hybridization. In F1 hybrids domination and overdomination in the inheritance of resistance to septoria tritici blotch prevailed, as well as weight of 1000 grains and yield per 1 m2. Among them, 8 hybrids F1  with the highest values of the dominance indices were identified. It has been established, that inheritance of resistance to septoria tritici blotch, weight of 1000 grains and yield of hybrids F1 occurs both in the maternal and paternal lines. The greatest immunological effect was obtained when using the varieties Daria (Russia) and Epos (Germany). The most productive hybrids were the variety Daria, taken as both a maternal and paternal form, as well as when using the Egisar 29 (Russia) variety as a maternal form.