Clinical efficacy of post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis has been demonstrated in haploidentical and HLA-matched bone marrow but not in unrelated peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantations. Also, no direct comparisons have been published with current standard of care, combination of antithymocyte globulin (ATG), calcineurin inhibitors, and either methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Eighty-six adult patients (median age 34 years; range, 18 to 59) with acute myeloblastic and lymphoblastic leukemia underwent unrelated PBSC transplantation with PTCy, tacrolimus, and MMF as GVHD prophylaxis in the single-center trial (clinicaltrial.govNCT02294552). The control group comprised 125 consecutive historical control patients who received ATG, tacrolimus, and methotrexate or MMF. Cumulative incidences of grades II to IV acute (19% versus 45%, P = .0003), grades III to IV acute (4% versus 27%, P < .0001), and chronic GVHD (16% versus 65%, P < .0001) were significantly lower in the PTCy compared with the ATG group. PTCy-based prophylaxis was associated with reduced incidence of nonrelapse mortality (16% versus 36%, P = .005; HR, .55; 95% CI, .34 to .89) and improved overall survival (69% versus 40%, P = .0007; HR, .43; 95% CI, .26 to .70), event-free survival (65% versus 38%, P = .0006; HR, .49; 95% CI, .31 to .78), and GVHD relapse-free survival (52% versus 12%, P < .0001). PTCy-based prophylaxis also had a better safety profile compared with ATG with reduced incidence of veno-occlusive disease, cytomegalovirus reactivation, invasive mycosis, and reduced severity of mucositis. In this study we demonstrated that PTCy in combination with tacrolimus and MMF is a safe and effective GVHD prophylaxis for unrelated PBSC transplantation. Although there are several limitations of the historical control approach, this study suggests the superiority of a PTCy-based approach over an ATG-based prophylaxis.

The suggested risk-adapted PTCy-based prophylaxis is feasible and is associated with low GVHD incidence and mortality in all types of grafts. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02294552).

The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and to specify significant factors affecting clinical outcomes. Patients and methods. The study included 354 ALL patients aged 1 to 61 years who underwent allo-HSCT over a period of 1995 to 2015. Before HSCT, 24% of patients were in the 1st remission, 26%-in 2nd remission, 17%, in the ≥ 3rd remission; 34% of patients had active disease. Results. Overall survival (OS) was 47% when HSCT was performed in remission status versus 18% in patients transplanted in active disease state (p <.0001). Appropriate relapse incidence (RI) comprised 26% and 50%, respectively (P <.0001). Five-year OS was similar in children and adults (48% and 47% respectively, p>0.2). Pre-transplant remission state showed certain correlations with OS in pediatric and adult transplant patients, i.e., 79% vs 60% for HSCT in 1st remission; 40% vs 43% in 2nd remission, and 33% vs 23% for the patients treated in ≥ 3rd remission. ALL RI in children and adults were also comparable for HSCT carried out in 1st remission (21% vs 32%), 2nd remission (33% vs 17%), and 17% vs 23% for HSCT performed in ≥3rd remission (p>0.2). Most ALL patients underwent myeloablative conditioning regimen (MAC) before allo-HSCT (n=89). OS in MAC group was 53% versus 40% among patients who underwent reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens (n=70, p=0.04). The conditioning regimen intensity did not correlate with the RI after allo-HSCT (24% and 30% (MAC vs RIC respectively), p=0.09). Non-relapse mortality (NRM) did not significantly differ for children and adults (32% vs 37%, p>0.2), being dependent on the disease state: 21% vs 25% after HSCT in the 1st remission; 31% and 43%, when treated in the 2nd remission, and 50% vs 61% if transplanted in ≥3rd remission. Conclusion. Allo-HSCT from an HLA-matched related or unrelated donor is indicated in patients with high-risk ALL in first remission and in all the patients in the second remission.

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Цель. Оценить прогностическое значение сложного кариотипа, включающего аномалии del(5q),-7, del(7q) при острых миелоидных лейкозах (ОМЛ) у больных после аллогенной трансплантации гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (аллоТГСК). Материалы и методы. Обследовано 44 больных ОМЛ с аномалиями хромосомы 5 и/или 7 (22 женского и 22 мужского пола в возрасте от 1,2 до 67 лет, медиана 31,2 года). Проведен анализ предикторов общей (ОВ) и бессобытийной выживаемости (БСВ) после аллоТГСК у больных с различными клиническими, трансплантационными и цитогенетическими характеристиками. Результаты. До аллоТГСК сложный кариотип (≥ 3 хромосомных нарушений) был выявлен у 19 (43 %) больных, моносомный кариотип-у 8 (18 %). По данным однофакторного анализа, показатели ОВ и БСВ после аллоТГСК отличались у больных различных возрастных групп (≥ 18 vs < 18 лет; p = 0,01 и p = 0,05 соответственно), с различным клиническим статусом болезни на момент трансплантации (1 ремиссия vs другой статус; p = 0,1 и p = 0,008 соответственно), со сложным кариотипом и без такового (СК-vs СК+; p = 0,05 и p = 0,002 соответственно), с моносомным кариотипом и без такового (МК+ vs МК-; p = 0,009 только для БСВ) и в зависимости от источника стволовых клеток (костный мозг vs другие источники; p = 0,03 только для ОВ). Многофакторный анализ подтвердил, что независимыми предикторами ухудшения ОВ и БСВ были возраст 18 лет и старше (p = 0,02 и p = 0,01 соответственно), активная стадия заболевания на момент аллоТГСК (p = 0,04 и p = 0,005 соответственно), СК (p = 0,04 и p = 0,0008 соответственно) и когда источником