Diet rich in fruits and vegetables (F&V) is an established protective factor for hypertension, but the available evidence regarding the impact of F&V consumption on age-related blood pressure change is limited. We examined whether systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure trajectories are influenced by F&V intakes in an ageing Russian cohort. Dietary data was available for 8997 men and women in the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe prospective cohort study. Blood pressure measurements were taken at three time-points over 12 years of follow-up, during which time the mean age of the sample changed from 58 to 69 years. The relationships between F&V intake and SBP and DBP were assessed using mixed-effect multilevel models. In the multivariable adjusted models, fruit intake was inversely related to both systolic and diastolic blood pressure at baseline (mean SBP and DBP was 3.5 mmHg and 1.4 mm Hg lower in the highest compared to the lowest intake tertiles, respectively (both p values < 0.001)). However, it was not associated with blood pressure change over time (difference in annual SBP and DBP change was 0.11 mmHg (p value = 0.138) and 0.01 mmHg (p value = 0.894), respectively). We found no significant link between vegetable intake and blood pressure, neither cross-sectionally nor longitudinally. In addition to the association with diet, we observed increasing SBP and mostly steady DBP over age, with deceleration and downward turn after the ages of 55–59 years. On the whole, this analysis found no consistent association between F&V intake and trajectories of blood pressure in older age.

Aim. To study the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) according to a 14-year prospective cohort study in Siberia.Material and methods. Based on the data from the Russian arm of the HAPIEE project, we assessed all-cause deaths occurred by 2017 in the population cohort examined at baseline in 2003-2005 (n=9273). The baseline examination included the assessment of blood pressure (BP), anthropometry, levels of fasting triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and blood glucose. The fatal cases in the studied cohort were identified from “Medical death certificates” for the period from February 1, 2003 to December 31, 2017, based on data from the Department of Civil Registration of Death Acts. Cardiovascular death was established using the International Classification of Diseases, the 10th revision (ICD-10): I (0-99).Results. The mortality rate in subjects with MS was 16,6% — 751 deaths (25,1% in men and 11,5% in women), and it was 20-30% higher than in those without MS. Cardiovascular mortality in subjects with MS was 12,6% — 572 deaths (20,5% in men and 8,9% in women), and it was nearly 30% higher than in those without MS. Multivariable Cox regression revealed that among the components of MS, the elevated BP level even with BP ≥135/80 mm Hg had the major impact on increasing the risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1,7 (1,4; 2,1) in men; HR=2,2 (1,7; 2,8) in women) and increasing the risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR=2,2 (1,5; 3,0) in men and HR=2,8 (1,8; 4.3) in women). Among men, already 1 component of MS increased the risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality by 2,0 or more times; among women, 2-4 components of MS increased the risk of death by 3 times, and 5 components — by 4.Conclusion. In the studied population sample, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality during the 14-year follow-up in individuals with MS was about 25-30% higher compared to those without MS. The risk of cardiovascular and all-cause deaths in subjects with MS is comparable to the risk in case of blood pressure ≥135/80 mm Hg. With an increase in the number of MS components from 1 to 5, the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular death increases.

Objective. To evaluate the prognostic significance of metabolic syndrome (MS) in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) using various MS criteria in Novosibirsk population. Materials and Methods. The study was designed as nested «case-control». Baseline population cohort (9360 men, women aged 45-69) was examined in the HAPIEE project and followed-up during 11 years. The "cases" included all subjects, who had CRC during 11-year follow-up according to the Register of Cancer (n=99, M-52, M-47). The matched control group (2/1) was selected from HAPIEE cohort (n=198, m-104, w-94). The prospective study of CRC was supported by RSF. MS criteria were determined in accordance to VNOK (2009), IDF (2005, NCEP ATP III (2001). Statistical package SPSS v.11.0 was used. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between MS and risk of CRC. Results. Women with glucose levels ≥6.1 mmol/l had 3 times higher 11-year risk of CRC then those with glucose <6.1 mmol/l (OR=3.11; 95%CI:1. 23-7.87, VNOK, 2009; OR=3.20; 95%CI:1.27-8.08, NCEP ATP III, 2001). Blood pressure (BP) ≥130/85 mmHg was associated with decreased risk of CRC in women and in both sexes, but the relationship became insignificant after controlling for antihypertensive treatment. Other components of the MS were not significantly associated with CRC risk. Conclusions. In studied sample the 11-year risk of developing CRC was significantly increased in women with elevated glucose levels. The negative relationship between elevated BP and the risk of CRC in women and both sexes became insignificant when adjusted for antihypertensive treatment; this finding requires further exploration. Keywords: metabolic syndrome, colorectal cancer, components of the metabolic syndrome, colon and rectum cancer.