The authors analyzed the incidence rate of malignant neoplasms in the population of the Republic of Buryatia without division into separate locations by regions over a long period, beginning from 1995 to 2015 in comparison with that in the Russian Federation, using a comparative-geographical method. According to statistical data, the growth of general oncopathology has been revealed every year, in connection with which the aim of the work was to search for its causes in the analysis of environmental factors in the region. There was established a high morbidity rate in the population during analyzed four periods: over 1995-2000; 2001-2005; 2006-2010; 2011-2015 in the same regions of the republic, as Bountov, Tarbagataysky, Kabansky, Pribaikalsky, Zaigraevsky, North Baikal, Barguzin and Ulan-Ude. The authors explain this pattern by the abnormal natural conditions of the region, the development of the mining industry, in particular the development of powerful reserves of uranium and polymetallic ores. And the city of Ulan-Ude, where the entire industrial hub and fuel and energy complex is concentrated, is one of the ten most polluted cities in Russia due to the location in a closed basin of a mountainous country. In the first three analysis periods until 2011 there was a low incidence in the high-altitude region of Okinsk, and in Tunkinsky until 2006, in Muisky until 2001, however, in their territories in the last five years, sharp gain was seen respectively from 147%, 205% in relation to 231% initial period. This is probably due to the fact that the development of natural raw materials, begun in the 1960s by the Soviet authorities, is still a handicraft way, leaving a pathological “trace” on the health of the population, manifested in tens of years. The gradual gain of oncopathology is observed in Dzhidinsk, Kizhinginsky, Mukhorshibirsky, Selenginsky, Khorin, Kyakhta districts. However, there are territories of the regions of the republic, like Eravnensky and Ivolginsky, where the incidence is insignificant.

Objective: to analyze the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in the Far Eastern Federal district (FEFD) in 2008–2018.Materials and methods. To assess the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer among women residing in FEFD, we used annual reports of P. Hertzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute – branch of the National Medical Research Radiology Center, Ministry of Health of Russia, for 2008–2018. We evaluated extensive and standardized parameters (per 100,000 population; 0/0000) calculated using the direct method (world standard). The prognosis was based on the 11-year dynamics of the incidence and mortality; regression coefficients were calculated using the standard method. Data analysis was performed using the Statistica 8.0 and Microsoft Excel 2003 software with a significance level of p £0.05. We evaluated the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer among women of FEFD registered between 2008 and 2018: during a 5-year period (2008–2012) and a 6-year period (2013–2018) for the whole region, as well as for individual administrative territories.Results. We found that the incidence of cervical cancer in FEFD was higher than its national incidence (14.3 ± 0.10/0000) and was steadily increasing in all administrative centers of FEFD. The highest incidence was observed in Zabaikalsky Krai (32.6 ± 1.90/0000, which is 2.3 times higher than national incidence). The quickest growth of cervical cancer incidence was registered in the Republic of Buryatia (69.6 %; growth rate 6.5 % (p £0.05)). This territory was also characterized by the highest mortality (11.4 ± 0.50/0000, which is 2.2 times higher than national mortality (5.3 ± 0.20/0000) (p <0.01)).Conclusions. The analysis of the cervical cancer incidence and mortality in FEFD demonstrated their steady increase, which makes the issues of disease prevention and early diagnosis highly relevant and indicates a clear need to activate vaccination and screening programs.

The degree of morbidity of the population of the Republic of Buryatia with malignant neoplasms without subdivision by localization from 1996 to 2019 was analyzed according to the data of the Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary. Material and methods. The data on the incidence of malignant neoplasms in the population of municipalities of the Buryat Republican Clinical Oncological Dispensary, expressed in intensive («rough») indicators (PI) per 100 thousand population (ppm, 0/0000) have been analyzed. The zoning of the incidence of the population has been based on the approach of medico-geographical typification of the territory. The range of indicators of the incidence of cancer in the population served as the basis for identifying four types of territories by the levels of cancer pathology: low – medium – high – very high. The dynamics of morbidity was analyzed by the average indicators of four 5-year periods (1996–2000, 2001–2005, 2006–2010, 2011–2015) and one 4-year period (2016–2019). Cartographic processing of the material was performed using Paint.NET. The comparison of morbidity in 21 municipal districts has been carried out. In period 1, there were 4 districts with low pathology (90–134 people): Okinsky, Muisky, Tunkinsky, Zakamensky districts, and with very high pathology (225–277 cases) – 4 districts: Pribaikalsky, Kabansky, Zaigraevsky, Bauntovsky. In the second period, the Okinsky, Tunkinsky, Dzhidinsky districts had low rates (100–158 cases), and the North-Baikalsky, Ivolginsky, Selenginsky, Kurumkansky, Mukhorshibirsky districts had very high level (257 and more). In the third period: low incidence rate (100–150 cases) has been determined in Muisky, Kizhinginsky districts, very high rate (274–331 cases) – in Bauntovsky, Kabansky, Zaigraevsky, Tarbagataisky districts. In the fourth period: low pathology rate (155–212 people) was in Okinsky, Zakamensky, Muisky, Eravninsky, Ivolginsky districts, very high level (329 cases) was in Bauntovsky district. In the last four years: low case rate (138–204) was only in Okinsky district, very high pathology level (339–405 people) was in 5 districts, to Bauntovsky, Kabansky, Pribaikalsky districts were added the northern districts: Severo-Baikalsky and Barguzinsky. Territories with high indicators of malignant neoplasms include: Pribaikalsky (393.5 ± 39.9 0/0000), Kabansky (397.5 ± 21.9 0/0000), Zaigraevsky (318.2 ± 13.6 0/0000), Bauntovsky (403.6 ± 51.6 0/ 0000); with reduced ones – Zakamensky (241.1 ± 17.4 0/0000), Tunkinsky (215.9 ± 6.8 0/0000), Eravinsky (214.3 ± 16.5 0/0000), Okinsky (137.8 ± 6.1 0/0000) districts. The malignant neoplasms incidence of the population of the Republic Buryatia is high, and it is growing every year.

ВведениеНа наследственную предрасположенность населения к злокачественным новообразованиям «накладываются» другие факторы, в той или иной степе-ни корректирующие уровни онкологической заболеваемости. Следователь-но, поиск детерминантов злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО), которые могут быть различной природы (экологические, социально-экономические и пр.), весьма актуален. Имеется много литературных данных, подтвержда-ющих участие свинца (Pb) в процессе канцерогенеза [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].Свинец является одним из металлов, включенных в список приоритетных загрязнителей рядом международных организаций, в том числе Всемирной организацией здравоохранения (ВОЗ). Известно, что движение свинца осу-

Relevance. Currently, noncommunicable diseases are responsible for the majority of deaths worldwide. Cervical cancer (СС) is actual medical and social problem. Comparative analysis of morbidity, mortality and state of oncological care in Zabaikalskii krai and Russian Federation was purpose of this study. Aim. Estimation of morbidity and mortality from cervical cancer in the Zabaikalskii krai in dynamics over 10 years. Materials and methods. The assessment was carried out on the basis of an analysis of statistical data concerning the burden of morbidity and mortality from cancer in the territory of the Zabaikalskii krai and the Russian Federation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 10 software. Standardized indicators were used to analyze morbidity and mortality. Differences were considered statistically significant at an error level of p0.05. Results. Analysis cervical cancer incidence of the Zabaikalskii krai and the Russian Federation in dynamics from 20072017 (100 000 female population) demonstrates a significant increase in the incidence of cervical cancer. On the territory of the Russian Federation, there is a steady increase on average by 2.26% annually, the growth dynamics over this period amounted to 25.81%, and in 2017 amounted to 15.76. In the Zabaikalskii krai in 2017, the incidence of cervical cancer was 41.54. In dynamics over the past 10 years, this indicator increased by 46.42%, which is significantly higher than in the Russian Federation (p0.01). The analysis of standardized indicators of mortality from cervical cancer in the structure of mortality from cancer in Russia in 2017 amounted to 5.18%, which corresponds to 10th place. Mortality in the first year since diagnosis was 14.6%. In the group of women of reproductive age 3039 years, mortality from cervical cancer was also maximum (23.6%) compared with other age groups. Mortality from cervical cancer in the Zabaikalskii krai was 7.17 in 2017. This indicator is higher than the all-Russian values by 38.41% (p0.01). In dynamics over 10 years, a decrease in mortality in the Zabaikalskii krai by 6.39% is noted. Conclusion. It should be noted that a significant increase in the incidence of cervical cancer, and a decrease in mortality from this pathology, may indicate some success in the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. In this regard, the search for new diagnostic, prognostic and predictive markers at this stage is relevant in solving this all-Russian medical and social problem.