Morbidity Rate of Malignant Neoplasmas and Analysis of the Ecological State of the Territory of the Republic of Buryatia

Abstract

The authors analyzed the incidence rate of malignant neoplasms in the population of the Republic of Buryatia without division into separate locations by regions over a long period, beginning from 1995 to 2015 in comparison with that in the Russian Federation, using a comparative-geographical method. According to statistical data, the growth of general oncopathology has been revealed every year, in connection with which the aim of the work was to search for its causes in the analysis of environmental factors in the region. There was established a high morbidity rate in the population during analyzed four periods: over 1995-2000; 2001-2005; 2006-2010; 2011-2015 in the same regions of the republic, as Bountov, Tarbagataysky, Kabansky, Pribaikalsky, Zaigraevsky, North Baikal, Barguzin and Ulan-Ude. The authors explain this pattern by the abnormal natural conditions of the region, the development of the mining industry, in particular the development of powerful reserves of uranium and polymetallic ores. And the city of Ulan-Ude, where the entire industrial hub and fuel and energy complex is concentrated, is one of the ten most polluted cities in Russia due to the location in a closed basin of a mountainous country. In the first three analysis periods until 2011 there was a low incidence in the high-altitude region of Okinsk, and in Tunkinsky until 2006, in Muisky until 2001, however, in their territories in the last five years, sharp gain was seen respectively from 147%, 205% in relation to 231% initial period. This is probably due to the fact that the development of natural raw materials, begun in the 1960s by the Soviet authorities, is still a handicraft way, leaving a pathological “trace” on the health of the population, manifested in tens of years. The gradual gain of oncopathology is observed in Dzhidinsk, Kizhinginsky, Mukhorshibirsky, Selenginsky, Khorin, Kyakhta districts. However, there are territories of the regions of the republic, like Eravnensky and Ivolginsky, where the incidence is insignificant.