Energy problems in the modern global and European space are gaining maximum relevance and social and political significance. The emergence of energy problems and the need to reform the energy sector led to the formation of the Common Energy Policy of the European Union and the transition from the implementation of energy policy at the level of individual EU member states to the activation of coordinated cooperation between the EU and international organizations in the field of energy. The formation and implementation of the energy policy of the European Union is due to the actualization of such problems as the growing dependence of Europe on the import of energy carriers from the Russian Federation, limited diversification of energy resources, high and unstable prices for energy carriers, growing global demand for energy, problems in the field of energy efficiency. The problem is actualized by the escalation of the Russian-Ukrainian war, Russia’s expansionist energy foreign policy, its energy blackmail and threats against European countries, and, accordingly, the need to introduce sanctions against the aggressor country. The article examines the forms, vectors and directions of cooperation of the European Union with international organizations in the implementation of the EU Common Energy Policy and the implementation of safe energy initiatives. The features of effective cooperation of the European Union with such international organizations as: International Energy Agency, IAEA, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, Cooperation Council of the Arab States of the Persian Gulf, International Solar Alliance, International Agency for Renewable Energy Sources are analyzed. Together with international organizations, the European Union effectively and consistently implements the strategies of forming the energy security system and improving the energy infrastructure of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The article substantiates the need for the activation of international and regional European integration in the energy sphere, the formation of consensus between states and international organizations regarding the implementation of the main provisions of the Common Energy Policy of the European Union as a condition and factor for solving energy problems, countering global and regional energy challenges and crises. The mechanisms for improving the energy infrastructure of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe are analyzed. Forms and mechanisms of countering Russia’s manipulations and energy blackmail are defined. The need for the formation of an effective system of European energy security is substantiated.

У статті всебічно досліджено інформаційно-комунікативну діяльність та полі­тику стратегічних комунікацій Організації Північноатлантичного договору. Стра­тегічні комунікації НАТО розглядаються як невід’ємна складова зовнішньо­політичної діяльності Альянсу. Досліджено сутність й концептуальні засади стра­тегічних комунікацій НАТО, принципи та вектори реалізації комунікативних стратегій, проаналізовано історію становлення та трансформації інституту стра­тегічних комунікацій Північноатлантичного альянсу, висвітлено інституційний та нормативно-правовий вимір реалізації інформаційно-комунікативної діяльності організації. У статті обґрунтовано визначальну роль стратегічних комунікацій НАТО у забезпеченні транспарентності структури, формуванні іміджу організації, налаго­дженні конструктивного діалогу з державами-учасницями та країнами-партнерами Альянсу з метою поглиблення обізнаності, розуміння, підтримки діяльності та політики НАТО у проведенні військових операцій та місій. Стратегічні комунікації НАТО розглядаються як дієвий механізм ефективної протидії дезінформації, гібридним війнам та негативним інформаційним впливам і загрозам. Проаналізовано партнерство Украни-НАТО у сфері стратегічних комунікацій.

The efficiency and effectiveness of the international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) in ensuring peace and security as relevant and growing only in dynamic interaction and cooperation with other international actors (international governmental organisations, non-governmental actors, and civil society institutions) have been justified. The features, models and problems of interaction of INGOs with other international actors in maintaining peace, stability and security, solving and preventing modern security challenges of the international system have been comprehensively studied. Such interaction and coordination of the efforts of INGOs and other international actors is viewed through the prism of expanding the areas of competence of non-governmental international organisations and increasing their activity in various areas. Some examples of an active involvement of non-governmental organisations in the activities of the UN (and its structures), NATO, OSCE, CoE, EU are given. Challenges of the interaction of governmental and non-governmental sectors in the international arena are analysed. International non-governmental actors, being independent (mostly) of their governments and officials of other international structures, are emphasised to have the opportunity to respond to strategic security challenges quickly and effectively, update public opinion, and mobilise the international community to address security issues at the regional and global levels.

The article provides a thorough investigation of the problem of the effectiveness of international broadcasting in the system of foreign-policy media communications of modern states with the aim of introducing and using positive foreign experience for Ukraine. The paper analyzes the importance of international broadcasting in the implementation of foreignpolicy strategies of modern states and its determining role in positioning and popularization of those states in the international arena or creating a positive public perception of a certain country. The authors prove that the efficiently organized international broadcasting system implies an effective form of communication between a definite country and the world community, an important direction of the\its foreign policy, an effective tool in promoting the national interests, state information sovereignty preservation, and also a powerful mechanism for preventing and counteracting disinformation, propaganda, and other negative info-psychological impacts. The article describes the main formative stage of international broadcasting as a constituent of media communications of the modern states; the authors analyze the organizational and politico-legal foundations and principles of functioning of the international broadcasting system of the lead foreign countries in the global information space. As a result of a comprehensive study of the formation and transformation of Ukraine's international broadcasting system and the analysis of the legal framework and functioning principles we should acknowledge inefficiency and low effectiveness of Ukraine's international broadcasting. Based on the analysis of foreign experience of the functioning of the international broadcasting institutes we provide practical recommendations in order to improve Ukraine's international broadcasting system. The author also outlines the directions of its reformation. The expansion of international broadcasting is defined as a priority vector of the international media communications of our country.

The challenge to the modern system of international security and stability is crimes against humanity, which threaten democratic processes, violate international principles and make peaceful coexistence in a globalized society impossible. The conceptual foundations and theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of crimes against humanity have been studied. The most optimal definition is presented in the Rome Statute, where crimes against humanity are interpreted as crimes against peace, stability and security, as inhuman acts committed against the civilian population. Considerable attention in the study is paid to the analysis of approaches to the classification of crimes against humanity. In particular, such types as: murder; extermination; enslavement; deportation; persecution; the crime of apartheid; imprisonment; torture; rape; sexual slavery, forms of sexual violence; forced disappearance of persons, etc. have been described. The intensification of crimes against humanity and their intensive growth force the international community to consolidate its efforts to combat them. In the article, the institutional and legal mechanisms of counteraction to crimes against humanity have been studied; international political, socio-economic sanctions and preventive security measures have been identified. It has been emphasized that the international community developed new principles of international cooperation in combating crimes against humanity; flexible conditions for the implementation of humanitarian missions and actions have been created; effective and efficient methods and forms of counteraction to crimes against humanity have been developed. In the article, the activities of international governmental and non-governmental organizations in combating illegal actions have been studied; their decisive role in preventing and countering crimes against humanity has been substantiated. It is worth noting the activities of the League of Nations, the UN, OSCE, NATO, EU, and regional organizations: the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). International non-governmental organizations also play an important role in combating crimes against humanity. In particular, there are the International Committee of the Red Cross and influential human rights non-governmental organizations such as Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, the International Commission of Jurists, the International Federation for Human Rights, TRIAL International, Reporters without Borders, Interpol, Europol, etc. An important element in the effectiveness of combating crimes against humanity is a stable international cooperation, active consolidated cooperation between states and their desire for a constructive dialogue.