oday’s military aviation imposes ever increasing requirements on the pilots’ professional qualities, thus complicating the problems related to the improvement of the quality of professional selection and training of military pilots. The research conducted by V.A. Ponomarenko and V.A. Bodrov introduced the term “prolonged selection” into aviation psychology, meaning professional psychological support of flight training. The forecasting of successful training at the early stage is an important part of this support and is the focus of this paper.Methods. The aim of the study was to verify the forecast of successful flight training based on the professional psychological selection (PPS) at early stages of professional training and feasibility of such forecast in the form of integral estimation. For that purpose the authors used the academic progress estimates, the results of piloting skills development using flight simulators, the dynamics of professionally important qualities (PIQ) of cadets during the first two years of training in comparison with those indicators obtained during the PPS. The sample included 143 cadets. The test subjects were surveyed at their admission to the flight school and in the first two years of the course according to programs prescribed by the regulatory documents of the Russian Ministry of Defense and command of the Aerospace Forces. The survey is an obligatory condition for enrollment in a flight school and the subsequent flight training and does not contradict today’s ethical standards of scientific research. The surveyed cadets were distributed into two groups per categories of professional aptitude based on the results of PIQ survey conducted during the professional psychological selection: the 1-st group (55 people), the “fit” with good professional aptitude indicators, and the 2-nd group (88 people), the “conditionally fit” with acceptable professional aptitude indicators. Statistical analysis was carried out with Microsoft Office 2007 Excel descriptive statistics, Student’s t-test criterion for unpaired samples.Results. The survey showed that the “fit” group, as compared to the “conditionally fit” are better adapted to the conditions of military service, have higher indicators of cognitive mental processes and sensorimotor abilities. They master course content and simulator training better. At the same time, in terms of their physiological and physical qualities the cadets of the two surveyed groups are indistinguishable and all show good results, which is confirmed by their grades in physical education and shows their good physical development and fitness.Conclusions. The forecast of successful flight training made at the stage of professional psychological selection as a category of professional aptitude is confirmed at the initial stages of the cadets’ training during professional psychological support activities. The integral estimation composed of the results of academic progress, psychological, psychophysiological inspection survey data, results of simulator training can be used in subsequent flight training as the input for individual professional training programs. In order to improve the reliability of training, integrated automated methods are planned to be developed for the purpose of diagnosing current flying PIQs, as well as methods of their improvement and development [4].

Aim. Based on an analysis of Russian and foreign literary sources, the paper deduces an estimation of the effect of trust in aviation on the safety and reliability of flights. Trust is a multifunctional phenomenon that appeared in the Russian scientific psychology relatively recently (in the mid-1990s) and soon became an object of research in many branches of science. The phenomenon of trust in scientific psychology is a high-complexity category due to its highly dynamic nature and multifactorial dependence. Objects of trust might include individuals, social groups and organisations, as well as various material and non-material phenomena. The phenomenon of trust is conventionally subdivided into self-trust, trust in people (social) and trust in the world. Methods. 49 specialised literary sources were analysed. Those include papers in science journals (25), papers in proceedings (8), monographs (15), abstracts of theses (1), out of which 37 are by Russian and 12 are by foreign authors. Results. The development of trust was traced through the ontogeny, its effect on personality development throughout life was identified. Of great importance is the basic trust that burgeons in the infancy within the mother – child diad ant later defines the view of life that significantly affects the socialization and personality development, behaviour in personal life and professional activities. The phenomenon of trust (cognitive, emotional, behavioural aspects), its phenomenology and psychosocial functions were analysed. It was established, that the phenomenon of trust is of significant importance in many spheres of life and activities of individuals and organisations. It is manifested in the ethical, psychosocial, economic, legal and political functions. The authors examine the applicability of the identified properties of trust in aviation. It was identified that the level of trust in aviation systems (civilian and military) affects flight safety. Of special importance is the trust in pilot operations, as it affects his/her adaptive capability in cases of professional emergencies. Conclusion. The paper substantiates the evaluation of the phenomenon of trust as a factor of reliability of an aviation system’s operation. At the same time, the effect of trust in the pilot on the adaptation and stress tolerance in emergency situations is identified. It is logical to consider personal trust of a pilot as a personal antistress resource. Consequently, the research should continue in order to identify the value of a pilot’ professional trust for the purpose of improving flight safety.

Введение. Стрессоустойчивость является профессионально важным качеством в летной профессии, однако рекомендованные нормативными документами методики определения стрессоустойчивости (нервно-психической устойчивости) у абитуриентов военных летных училищ носят бланковый характер и достаточно субъективны. Научная новизна исследования заключается в разработке методики объективной оценки устойчивости к воздействию экспериментального информационного стресса. Методы. Разработана методика оценки устойчивости испытуемых к воздействию информационного экспериментального стресса, предназначенная для применения в профессиональном психологическом отборе летного состава. В качестве стрессора выступает комплекс стрессогенных стимулов: условия конкурсного экзамена, усложненные арифметические задания, воздействие помех, оказывающих как шумовой, так и дистракторный эффект. Выраженность устойчивости к стрессовой реакции определялась по динамике продуктивности умственной деятельности в процессе тестирования, физиологической «цене» деятельности по частоте сердечных сокращений на разных этапах прохождения экспериментального стрессового обследования, внешним проявлениям поведения (речи, движениям, позе, мимике). Стандартизация показателей рассчитывалась на представительной выборке (n = 3191) с использованием пакета статистических программ «Описательная статистика» из «Microsoft Excel 2007». Авторский сценарий методики встроен в программное обеспечение многофункционального психофизиологического комплекса «Реакор». Результаты и их обсуждение. Проведено исследование по применению методики на выборке 1135 кандидатов на поступление в высшее военное летное училище, мужского пола, возраст 18–27 лет. Получены данные о наличии значимой корреляционной связи оценки стрессоустойчивости по психометрическим показателям стрессовых проявлений у испытуемых (психологический, физиологический, поведенческий критерии) с успешностью их летного обучения по данным экспертных оценок за тренажерную подготовку и летную практику. Полученные данные исследования свидетельствуют о том, что разработанная методика оценки устойчивости к экспериментальному информационному стрессу является чувствительным тестом на выявление стрессоустойчивости и ее можно рекомендовать для использования в профессиональном психологическом отборе в летные профессии.

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