The objective of this study was to inventory the stock of antimicrobials in the home medicine cabinets (HMCs) of the general population in Russia and to find out for which indications people report that they would use antibiotics without a physician's recommendation. The research was performed in 9 Russian cities by physicians who visited households. An inventory of antibiotics in HMCs was made, and respondents were asked about instances in which they would choose automedication with antibiotics. We found that 83.6% of families had antibiotics for systemic use in HMCs. The most common antibiotics in HMCs were trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (46.3% of HMCs), ampicillin (45.1%), chloramphenicol (32.7%), erythromycin (25.5%), and tetracycline (21.8%). The major indications for automedication with antibiotics were acute viral respiratory tract infections (12.3% of total indications), cough (11.8%), intestinal disorders (11.3%), fever (9%), and sore throat (6.8%). According to this study, antibiotics are widely stocked among the general population in Russia, and people use antibiotics in an uncontrolled and imprudent manner.

The objective of this review was to summarize impact of the widespread administration of antibiotics in treatment algorithms for patients with COVID-19 on treatment outcomes. The experience of antimicrobial use agents during COVID-19 pandemic did not show any life-saving effect. It justifies a need to limit their administration to COVID-19 patients.

No abstract

This paper provides a review of the largest studies (over the period of 2017 to 2022) on cost-effectiveness analysis of the recommended treatment algorithms for Clostridioides difficile infection in patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD), including pseudomembranous colitis. The review showed that professional medical societies in Russia, EU and US as well as meta-analyses consistently consider vancomycin as the most important treatment option for AAD and pseudomembranous colitis. The role of metronidazole and fidaxomicin in the treatment of AAD is considered ambiguous. Teicoplanin is recommended for using more commonly based on cost-effectiveness analysis.

1 ФГБОУ ВО «Тюменский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Тюмень, Россия 2 ФГБОУ ВО «Смоленский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, Смоленск, Россия Резистентность возбудителей инфекций человека к антимикробным препаратам, реализуемая с помощью продукции бета-лактамаз, является серьезной проблемой современного здравоохранения. Цефотаксим/сульбактам -комбинированный ингибиторозащищенный цефалоспорин III поколения, недавно ставший доступным в России, -способен преодолевать механизмы устойчивости, связанные с синтезом сериновых бета-лактамаз, в т.ч. и некоторых ферментов расширенного спектра. В обзоре обсуждаются аспекты применения препарата в клинической практике с учетом актуальных данных по антибиотикорезистентности возбудителей инфекций нижних дыхательных путей, а также результатов клинических исследований его эффективности и безопасности. Контактный адрес: Алексей Викторович Голуб Эл. почта: Alex.Golub@antibiotic.ru Ключевые слова: цефалоспорины III поколения, сульбактам, цефотаксим/ сульбактам, антибиотикорезистентность, инфекции нижних дыхательных путей, инфекции мочевых путей.