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Studying the functions and types of metaphors in the educational discourse (pedagogical metaphorology) is a scientific direction, actively developed in North America, Europe and other regions. Such research is being conducted in Russia as well, but the results are little known abroad. This overview describes the major achievements of the Russian pedagogical metaphorology, differentiates its leading areas of interest, analyzes methods and heuristics. The conclusion describes the system of pedagogical metaphors being dependent on living conditions and educational system, the author's philosophy and personality, his views on education, on the collaboration of teachers, students and parents.