Modern national economies are multilevel with many sectors, sub-sectors, sectors interconnected and competing. But the main thing in this kind of a pie is the value chain, which is a kind of industrial-economic-logistic communications, through which national economies interact both within themselves and without. But value chains have different lengths, and therefore bring different results. Until now, the discussion has been going on about what forms value chains, what is their nature, what mechanisms, and most importantly, is it possible to arbitrarily form value chains of any length and configuration? Practice shows that, firstly, even the most advanced national economies are not always able to form value chains of the desired length and configuration, and secondly, even if they somehow turn out to be created, they often scatter without bringing the desired result. Therefore, it is important for theorists to recognize not only the nature and character of economic (including production, logistics, etc.) value chains formation (with an appropriate set of issues related to their structure, internal mechanism, configuration, etc.), but also why they fall apart without creating the synergistic effect intended. The article suggests that there is “The resource predestination” imposed on the formation of value chains of a given configuration, length and marketability. To achieve this goal, the article combines two independent areas of economic research: the formation of value chains and the “resource curse/predestination”.

The article discusses the conditions and factors of growth of the agricultural sector in the conditions of innovative-technological transformations of national economic systems. Global and national scientific and technological trends create new conditions for growth in the agricultural sector, where advances in digital technologies are a key factor. The use of advances in robotics, biotechnology in agriculture, the introduction of platform solutions for management, create new breakthrough conditions for agroeconomic growth. A number of conditions are formulated under which traditional factors of agroeconomic growth are transformed into an innovative resource for achieving sustainable agricultural development.

Management in the field of ecology and rational use of natural resources ensures sustainable macroeconomic development of the region, improvement of the quality of life of the rural population. The article identifies environmental factors that influence the sustainable management of agricultural production in the region. The current environmental problems resulting from intensive activity in the agricultural sector of the region’s economy are considered. The analysis of the results of the negative impact of agricultural production on the natural environment is carried out. In order to ensure environmental safety in agriculture and improve the environmental situation in the region, a set of environmental measures has been proposed. The methods of developing a regional development strategy taking into account the environmental component are substantiated.

Modern conditions for the global economy development clearly indicate that the formation of competitive agrarian economy advantages in the Russian Federation is possible only with the use of an innovative development scenario and the large-scale use of the scientific and technological potential of high-tech industries. Of course, the complex of the most important criteria for the economic growth of the national economy determines the volume of the high-tech sector and the scientific and technical potential of the country at the present stage. The situation in the Russian market clearly implies the need for a quick solution to the main problems of developing high-tech sectors in the agro-industrial complex, accelerating import substitution and ensuring sustainable food security based on resource-saving technologies of agro-industrial production and deep processing of agricultural raw materials.

Agriculture of the North Caucasus is one of the most developed in Russia. At the same time, within this macro-region there are noticeable (and in some aspects strong) differentiations not only in terms of the so-called production specialization, volumes of production, export, import, but also in terms of development (productivity, productivity, profitability, etc.). The reason for the latter is a complex of climatic, spatial, organizational, technological, technical, institutional, logistics and so on. factors and conditions of agricultural organization. The latter affect both the general development path of North Caucasian agriculture and the local paths of individual sectors and types of agricultural production in the macroregion with corresponding consequences for regional economies. However, this so-called a priori understanding of territorial differences needs to be clarified. In particular, it is known that the same factors (especially climatic, weather, etc.) lead to different returns on the so-called factor productivity. In addition, in reality it is important not only to indicate the presence of a particular factor, but to quantify its influence in specific conditions. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze and obtain specific (quantitative) data on territorial differences, determine the factors and conditions that form these differences and form features of the structural dynamics of agriculture in the North Caucasus.