На основании обследования рекультивированных сухоройных карьеров в Западно-Сибирском северотаежном равнинном лесном районе Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа – Югры предпринята попытка оценки эффективности рекультивации нарушенных земель. Установлено, что рекультивационные работы на территории выработанных карьеров проводятся в два этапа. При этом технический этап рекультивации выполняется после завершения работ по добыче песка и заключается в очистке территории от мусора, демонтаже временных сооружений, планировке территории и внесении торфопесчаной смеси. Биологический этап рекультивации выполняется после технического этапа и включает посев семян многолетних трав и внесение удобрений. Несмотря на устоявшуюся практику подобной рекультивации выработанных песчаных карьеров, ее нельзя признать экологически и хозяйственно правильной. Поскольку участки под карьеры изымались из лесного фонда, их рекультивация после завершения работ по добыче песка должна включать посадку сеянцев сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) с последующим переводом участков в покрытую лесной растительностью площадь. Посев многолетних трав не обеспечивает формирование древесной растительности из-за недостатка семян хвойных пород, особенно на карьерах большой площади. An attempt was made to assess the effectiveness of disturbed lands reclamation by surveying rusk quarry in the western Siberian month taiga lowland forest region of Khanty-Mansiisk autonomous okrug – Jugra. At was established that on the territory of worked out quarries the recultivation works were carried out in two stages. At the same time, the technical stage of reclamation is carried out after the completion of sand extraction stage and consists in cleaning the territory from garbage, dismantling the temporary structures, planning the territory and peat and sand mixture introduction. Biologic stage of recultivation is carried out after technical one and includes sowing of perennial grasses and introducing of fertilizers. Despite of the well established practice application in worked out sand quarries it cannot be recognized as ecological and economic correct. Since the plots under the quarries were withdrawn from the forest fund their reclamation after the and extraction completion shoned include the planting of scots pine seedlings with the subsequent transfer of the site into an area covered with forest vegetation. Sowing of perennial grasses doesn’t provide for the formation of woody vegetation due to the lock of coniferous seeds, especially in open pits of a large area.

The studies were carried out on the dumps of overburden rocks and tailings of poor ores of the chrysotile asbestos deposit. According to the scheme of forest site zoning, the studying area belongs to the pre-forest steppe district of pine and birch forests of the Zabaikal’ye plain province of the West Siberian plain forest site area. The survey sites were laid out on the terraces of the dump along the running lines. Undergrowth was counted at each survey site. It was classified by viability, size (small, medium, large), and life form (tree, bush, scrub). The provision with undergrowth of the indicated type of disturbed soils was defined and recommendations for measures aimed at accelerating the process of reforestation were given. Undergrowth on the dumps is represented by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), aspen (Populus tremula L.), and goat willow (Salix caprea L.). Scots pine and silver birch are the dominant species in the undergrowth composition. Large share of Scots pine of scrub and bush form is the specific feature of the developing young growth. These specimens were found among small- and medium-sized undergrowth. It is the undergrowth of these heights that becomes an annual attrition without passing into the large-sized category. The latter is the main reason for faster conversion of the dumps into forest-covered area, for increasing the share of clay particles in the upper 50 cm thick dump layer, or for coating the dump surface by non-traditional fertilizers, in particular sewage sludge. It was noted that silvicultural trend in the dump reclamation on the chrysotile asbestos deposit is the most preferable. Scots pine should be preferred as the primary species for reclamation planning. For citation: Zaripov Yu.V., Zalesov S.V., Zalesova E.S., Popov A.S., Platonov E.P., Starodubtseva N.I. Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Undergrowth on the Dumps of the Chrysotile Asbestos Deposit. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 5, pp. 22–33. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-5-22-33

No abstract