We performed a retrospective analysis of ultrasound scans in 42 patients with cutaneous melanoma of the extremities in planning the closure of skin defects with skin fascial island flaps supplied by perforating vessels. First, the primary melanoma focus was scanned by ultrasound to reveal characteristics of the skin, tumor and adjacent tissues. Then we detected perforating vessels to mark them and to select the sites for the island flaps. Ultrasound examination was performed using the IU 22 PHILIPS, GE Logiq E9 and Supersonic imagine AIxPLORER MultiWave Systems with linear multi-frequency sensors (517 MHz) in the B-mode, color and power Doppler to visualize the blood flow. We clarified the criteria of the necessary and sufficient parameters according to Doppler ultrasound visualization for surgical treatment of cutaneous melanoma of the extremities by the suggested method in preoperative period, as well as monitoring of the flap state after surgery. The transfer of flaps on perforating vessels did not cause blood flow disorders in them: the mean arterial blood flow velocity was 13.1 ± 4.7 cm/sec before surgery and 12.8 ± 5.4 cm/sec after it. The maximal venous flow velocity was on average 7.0 ± 1.3 cm/sec before surgery and 6.2 ± 0.8 cm/sec after it. Thus, triplex ultrasound significantly facilitates the selection and individual design of the flap with the inclusion of feeding vessels of sufficient potential, helps in planning the operation, reduces the risk of failure and improves the results of treatment. This method contributes to the radicalization of surgical intervention with a simultaneous decrease in the risk of postoperative complications and acceleration of medical and social rehabilitation of patients.
Purpose of the study. Improving the results of surgical treatment of melanoma of the skin of the extremities by using skin-fascial flaps on perforating vessels.Patients and methods. In 42 patients with limb skin melanoma T1–3N0M0, the closure of a skin defect was performed by islet flaps on perforating vessels. Perforating vessels of the donor zone were detected with an assessment of the blood supply of the flaps in the pre- and postoperative period using ultrasound and marking of perforants with adjustment of the preliminary marking of the flaps.Results. Permanent perforating vessels with a diameter of more than 1 mm were used. After excision of the tumor, on the opposite sides of the wound defect, taking into account the location of the perforating vessels, flaps were taken, with further mobilization by excision of the fiber and muscle fascia, they were separated from the underlying tissues while maintaining the integrity of the supply vessels. The circulatory state of the selected flaps was determined by skin color and capillary response to digital pressure. The flaps were displaced to the center, covered the area of the defect and sutured with single sutures, the edges of the donor wound were mobilized, sutured with single sutures until light tension appeared and sutured into the remaining wound defect. In the postoperative period, the determination of the parameters of the blood flow of perforating vessels showed the absence of hemodynamically significant violations of the blood flow during the movement of the flap. Transient ischemia of one of the oncoming flaps after surgery developed in 11.9%, marginal necrosis of the distal flap — in 7.1% of cases. A normotrophic scar was formed, with a width of not more than 0.3 cm, which aesthetically satisfied 92.8% of patients. Assessment of two-year relapse-free survival showed a complete absence of local relapses.Conclusion. The flaps vascularized by perforating vessels have high viability, are identical in color and texture to the skin of the recipient area, and the close proximity to the receiving area contributes to minimal deformation of the donor area, which increases the radicality of the operation, reduces the incidence of postoperative complications and improves аesthetic and functional results.
Znachitel'noe chislo primenyaemyh v klinike protivoopuholevyh sredstv nedostatochno effektivno i bezopasno, chto obuslovlivaet poisk novyh lekarstvennyh substancij. Cel' raboty — izuchit' vliyanie digidrobromida 2-(3,4-digidroksifenil)-9-dietilaminoetilimidazo[1,2-a]benzimidazola (RU185) na rost i metastazirovanie perevivaemoj eksperimental'noj opuholi legkogo L'yuis (LLC). LLC privivali 55 mysham-samkam C57/Bl6 massoj 18–20 g podkozhno. Vnutrizheludochnoe (0,5 ml v sut.) vvedenie preparata nachinali cherez 48 ch posle perevivki opuholi 1 raz v sutki 10 dnej v razovyh dozah 50, 220, 500 mg/kg (gruppy 1, 2 i 3 sootvetstvenno). Mysham kontrol'noj gruppy vvodili fiziologicheskij rastvor. Pri vnutrizheludochnom vvedenii substancii proiskhodilo dostovernoe uvelichenie prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni zhivotnyh tol'ko v gruppe 2 (162,3%), a takzhe znachimoe umen'shenie ob"emov opuholi uzhe na 1-e sutki posle okonchaniya lecheniya. Na 7-e i 14-e sutki ot momenta okonchaniya lecheniya razmery opuholi v gruppah 2 i 3 byli snizheny po sravneniyu s kontrol'noj gruppoj v 3,4 i 1,3 raza (na 7-e sutki) i v 2,2 i 1,3 raza (na 14-e sutki) sootvetstvenno (r < 0,05). Indeks tormozheniya rosta opuholi sohranilsya v gruppe 2 k 14-m sutkam posle okonchaniya lecheniya i u 20% zhivotnyh otmechen regress opuholi. CHislo metastazov v legkih v gruppah 1 i 2 bylo snizheno otnositel'no kontrolya v 2,6 i 3,1 raza sootvetstvenno, a indeks ingibirovaniya metastazirovaniya sostavil 68,1 i 80% sootvetstvenno. Issledovannyj RU-185 okazyvaet protivoopuholevoe dejstvie, chto vyrazheno v uvelichenii prodolzhitel'nosti zhizni zhivotnyh, snizhenii skorosti rosta pervichnoj opuholi, a takzhe chastoty razvitiya i kolichestva legochnyh metastazov eksperimental'noj epidermoidnoj karcinomy legkogo L'yuis myshej.
Актуальность. Рак молочной железы (РМЖ) по заболеваемости и смертности среди женского населения в Российской Федерации занимает лидирующие позиции. Прогноз течения заболевания во многом определяется биологическим подтипом опухоли. Для Her2-позитивного РМЖ характерны агрессивное течение и неблагоприятный прогноз. Внедрение в клиническую практику пертузумаба, являющегося рекомбинантным гуманизированным моноклональным антителом к рецепторам эпидермального фактора роста человека 2-го типа, позволило значительно улучшить непосредственные и отдаленные результаты лечения. Цель исследования -оценка результатов лечения больных раком молочной железы с Her2-положительным молекулярно-генетическим подтипом при проведении химиотерапии в сочетании с двойной анти-Her2-блокадой, а также степени выраженности и частоты встречаемости побочных эффектов. Материал и методы. В период с 2015 по 2018 г. 37 пациенткам с Her2-положительным молекулярно-генетическим подтипом рака молочной железы проведена химиотерапия в сочетании с двойной анти-Her2-блокадой (доцетаксел 75 мг / м 2 , внутривенно, в 1-й день + трастузумаб 6 мг / кг (нагрузочная доза -8 мг / кг), внутривенно, в 1-й день + пертузумаб 420 мг (нагрузочная доза -840 мг), внутривенно, в 1-й день, 1 раз в 3 нед). На момент установления диагноза средний возраст был 45,6 ± 11,6 года. Результаты. Применение в неоадъювантном режиме пертузумаба в комбинации с трастузумабом и доцетакселом позволило получить полный патоморфологический ответ у 12 % больных, патоморфоз III степени -у 36 %. При использовании данной схемы противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии в неоадъювантном режиме в настоящее время к III клинической группе относятся 64 % пациенток, прогрессирование выявлено у 4 %. Чаще выявлялись следующие побочные эффекты: общая слабость и повышенная утомляемость -в 5,4 %, гематологическая токсичность в виде лейкопении I-II степени -в 5,4 % случаев. Заключение. Результаты подтверждают полученную ранее в рандомизированных исследованиях эффективность противоопухолевой лекарственной терапии пертузумабом в комбинации с трастузумабом и доцетакселом у больных Her2-положительным раком молочной железы.
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