Aim objective. The study aimed at determining the facility for bronchoscopic examination and management of HIV-infected patients.Materials and methods. Results of a total of 1393 bronchoscopic procedures carried out in HIV-infected patients (100%) hospitalized in the pulmonology departments with different pulmonologic disorders. The HIV-infection was a comorbidity at that.Results. In terms of study process organization two patient flows have been discerned. The first flow included patients with asymptomatic infection/carrier state (138 bronchoscopic procedures [9,91%] for 104 patients), for whom bronchoscopy was performed due to general indications. The second flow comprised patients with a full-scale clinical picture of the disease (1255 bronchoscopic procedures [90,09%] for 1099 patients). The second flow was divided into two groups, namely, patients with earlier diagnosed HIV-infection (group IIА amounting to 523 bronchoscopic procedures [37,54%] for 473 patients) and patients newly diagnosed with HIV infection (group IIВ; 732 bronchoscopic procedures [52,55%] for 626 patients). Common to both groups was the absence of urgent indications for bronchoscopy, although the elective indications were different between the groups. In all instances the endobronchial symptoms were either non-specific or reflected mucosal lesions in the large bronchi related to lung tumor or tuberculosis.

Aim. The study aimed at investigating the relationship between severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hemorrhagic component of endobronchial inflammation. Materials and methods. Clinico-endoscopic characteristics of 118 patients presenting with severe infectious exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bloody expectorations and endoscopically confirmed hemorrhagic component of endobronchial inflammation have been analyzed. All patients underwent a series (5-6) of bronchoscopic examinations accompanied by collection of bronchoalveolar lavage specimens to reveal the presence of acid-resistant mycobacteria and to determine the bacterial flora. The exclusion criteria were the concomitant pulmonary or extrapulmonary pathologic conditions which could lead to hemorrhagic endobronchial manifestations. The other direction of the study was to investigate a correlation between jugulation of the exacerbation and dynamics of such endobronchial symptoms as mucosal edema and hyperemia, quality of bronchial secretions and hemorrhagic component of endobronchial inflammation. Results. All patients were found to have diffuse endobronchitis of severity grade II (39.83%) or III (60.17%) by Lemoine. The neoplastic and tuberculosis genesis of the hemorrhagic component of endobronchial inflammation and its clinical equivalent, the bloody expectorations, had been ruled out. In 50.85% of cases the hemorrhagic component of endobronchial inflammation could not be accounted for by hemolytic properties of cultured microorganisms. The mucosal edema and hyperemia remained stable during jugulation of the exacerbation. Unlike the improvement of quality of bronchial secretions, faster reversal of the hemorrhagic component of endobronchial inflammation showed statistical significance. Conclusion. The hemorrhagic component of endobronchial inflammation can represent a non-obligatory manifestation of severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and its relief is the earliest endobronchial sign of incipient remission from severe COPD exacerbation.