The article examines the clinical and roentgenological changes in the periodontal tissues of laboratory animals when mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are used.The aim of the study is to create a model of experimental periodontitis and identify the characteristics of clinical and radiological changes in periodontal tissues when applying a biomedical cell product based on allogeneic mesenchymal adipose stem cells (AT MSCs).During the examination of the clinical and radiological changes in the periodontal tissues ofexperimental animals with formed bone defects filled with AT MSCs, it was found that the mucous membrane regeneration time in the surgical area was comparable in all main groups of animals. Postoperative gum recession was observed in the control group animals. The significant differences between the clinical pictures in groups I–IV during all observation periods after surgery were not revealed. However, the restoration process signs in the post-resection area found during the roentgenological examination in the groups using osteoinduced MSCs, as well as a mixture of MSC cultures and osteo-induced MSCs, were most pronounced, which is confirmed by the bone mineral density.The experimental periodontitis model, which could be used for assessing the bone tissue restoration processes of a labioratory animal, was developed. Thus, the use of collagen membranes with a suspension of allogeneic osteo-induced AT MSCs cultures, as well as membranes with a suspension of a mixture of allogeneic and allogeneic osteo-induced AT MSCs in the ratio of 1:1 allows achieving higher bone tissue recovery rates.

The article presents the results of a histological study of morphological changes in bone tissue around established dental implants after exposure to low-intensity, low-frequency ultrasound during dental implantation. Histological studies of tibia bone blocks were conducted in three groups of laboratory animals around installed dental implants, which were subjected to different modes of ultrasonic exposure. In the course of studies, it was found that the processes of osseointegration of dental implants in animals of all groups occurred without staging. In the early stages, granulation tissue was formed, which was subsequently replaced by reticulofibrotic bone tissue, and then by more mature lamellar tissue. The timing and degree of bone maturation, as well as the indicators of osseointegration in groups using low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and without it, were significantly different. It was shown that the ultrasound effect on peri-implant tissues induces osteoreparative processes, stimulating neoangiogenesis in granulation and newly formed bone tissue. It has been established that ultrasonic exposure of implants, and then peri-implant tissues during dental implantation, promotes the formation of bone tissue, the histostructure of which is similar to the histostructure of the maternal bone at earlier stages.

A promising scope of modern scientific research is the use of autologous and allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells for regeneration of periodontal tissues. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nature of morphological changes in the pathologically altered periodontal tissues after injection of a biotransplant containing mesenchymal stem cells of the adipose tissue immobilized on a collagen carrier in an animal experiment. In the experiment, 60 randobbred females of white rats were used as a model, whose adipose tissue was taken to obtain allogenic mesenchymal stem cells. All animals were divided into 5 groups, depending on the planned method of treatment – 10 rats each. The control group consisted of 10 laboratory animals with healthy gingiva. The experimental gingival recession model was created by the V-shaped excision of periodontal tissues. The bioplastic collagen material “Collost” gel 7 % in isolated form determines the fibrosis intensification and serves as a “matrix” for the formation of a fibrous tissue, ensures the adhesion of stem cells and their transformation into pro- and fibroblasts. Injection of a cell transplant suspension into physiological saline activates the processes of cell proliferation and transformation of fibroblast differentiating cells. Suspension of the cell transplant on a sterile bioplastic collagen material “Collost” gel 7 % enhances the effects of gel and stem cells, promotes the leveling of atrophic and dystrophic changes in the gum, strengthening a mechanical component, reducing the recession of the gum and the depth of the gingival pocket.

В настоящее время проведены разноречивые единичные морфологические исследования эндопериодонтальных поражений, что подтверждает актуальность работы. Цель исследования. Верифицировать сочетанное воспалительно-деструктивное поражение маргинально-альвеолярной и апикальной топографических зон периодонта в области зубов с эндопериодонтитом у пациентов с болезнями периодонта на основании патоморфологического исследования. Объекты и методы исследования. Предмет патоморфологического исследования – 60 биоптатов тканей периодонта в области зубов с эндопериодонтитом. Патогистологические срезы толщиной 4 мкм окрашивали гематоксилином и эозином. Световую микроскопию осуществляли с помощью оптической системы микроскопа Leica DM 2500, фотофиксацию – камерой Leica DFС450С. Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. Патоморфологическая особенность маргинальноальвеолярной зоны – плексиформная гиперплазия многослойного плоского эпителия (76,9%), а в апикальной области преимущественно отмечена зрелая грануляционная ткань (71,8%) с тяжами регенерирующего многослойного плоского эпителия. Заключение. Верифицированы сочетанные патоморфологические изменения в маргинальноальвеолярной и апикальной топографических зонах периодонта при эндопериодонтите, которые проявляются на клеточном, тканевом и микроциркуляторном уровнях следующими признаками: продуктивное воспаление преимущественно умеренной степени выраженности (χ2= 3,39; р = 0,066), лимфогистиоцитарная инфильтрация (χ2 = 1,6; р = 0,206), разрастание молодой грануляционной ткани (F = 7,49; р = 0,467), фиброплазия с образованием грубоволокнистой соединительной ткани (χ2 = 0,54; р = 0,464), плексиформная гиперплазия плоского эпителия (χ2 = 1,03; р = 0,311), склероз и гиалиноз стенок сосудов (χ2 = 0,83; р = 0,361).

Aim. The research was conducted to develop and implement the complex of diagnostic activities in patients with dysfunction of temporomandibular joints with signs of bruxism.Materials and methods. To achieve this aim we conducted a comprehensive diagnosis of 61 patients aged 20-29 years with bruxism and temporomandibular joints dysfunction (TMJD), the patients were divided into two groups. To diagnose and analyze the results of the disease treatment in patients we used a computer analysis with visualization of changes of the osteoarticular surface and parameters of the joint gap in the TMJ. Depending on the ratio of prognostic risk criteria and the development of bruxism, we distinguished the area of low, medium and high level of risk of disease progression.Results. Comparison of the treatment results of patients with bruxism from two groups in 12-24 months showed that patients from the second group had good treatment results. Patients of the second group underwent a complex of diagnostic activities and its data increased the treatment effectiveness. The results obtained from the treatment of patients from the first group indicate the lack of data from the standard examination of patients with bruxism.Conclusion. The developed complex diagnostic activities in patients with bruxism in combination with dysfunction of the TMJ and occlusive attrition of teeth allow to assess not only the local status but also to determine the functional state of dentoalveolar system and the cerebral cortex which affects the amount of therapeutic activities in the patient.