Поражения сердца при саркоидозе считаются достаточно редкими, однако именно они могут обусловить первые клинически значимые проявления заболевания и стать причиной смерти больного. Своевременное выявление болезни позволяет улучшить эффективность лечения и прогноз. В статье представлены современные подходы к диагностике и тактике ведения больных с саркоидозом сердца на примере клинического случая пациента, госпитализированного по скорой медицинской помощи с впервые выявленной симптомной атриовентрикулярной блокадой 3 степени. Описаны методы обследования данного больного, а также трудности в проведении дифференциального диагноза с другими заболеваниями.Ключевые слова: саркоидоз сердца, атриовентрикулярная блокада, постоянная электрокардиостимуляция.Конфликт интересов: не заявлен.
The objective: in the experiment, to study specific parameters of manifestations of hepatotoxic reactions to the combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs containing isoniazid and rifampicin in rats with different acetylation phenotypes. Subjects and methods. Liver damage was modeled in rats, old females, belonging to the phenotype of rapid acetylation, and in mature males, belonging to the phenotype of slow acetylation, with a combination of basic anti-tuberculosis drugs, which were administered for 14 days. Hepatotoxic reactions were assessed by clinical observations of rats, biochemical parameters and morphological changes in the liver, which were compared with intact animals. Results of the study: in female rats (fast acetylators of isoniazid), signs of the cytolytic mechanism of liver damage prevailed (more significant elevation of ALT activity, pronounced duration of thiopental sleep, pronounced hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes with the presence of hepatocyte necrosis, venous congestion and edema of the portal tracts). In males (with the phenotype of slow acetylation of isoniazid), a significant elevation of total and direct bilirubin levels, AST activity and, to a lesser extent, ALT were observed, i.e., signs of a mixed mechanism of liver damage (cholestatic and cytolytic).
Nablyudaemyj v poslednie desyatiletiya rost chisla sluchaev tuberkuleznogo peritonita obuslovlen limfogematogennym rasprostraneniem mikobakterij tuberkuleza (MBT) iz legkih i drugih ekstrapul'monal'nyh istochnikov. Do sih por ostaetsya neyasnym, pochemu pri generalizacii tuberkuleznoj infekcii v vospalitel'nyj process vovlekayutsya te ili inye organy i anatomicheskie oblasti. Pochemu v odnih sluchayah razvivaetsya tuberkulez bryushiny, a v drugih tuberkulez pochek? Cel'yu raboty bylo izuchit' patogenez tuberkuleznogo peritonita s pomoshch'yu sozdaniya vosproizvodimoj biologicheskoj modeli. Tuberkuleznyj peritonit modelirovali na 18 krolikah (10 osobej — eksperimental'naya gruppa, 8 — kontrol'naya) putem vnutribryushinnoj inokulyacii vzvesi MBT. Krolikam eksperimental'noj gruppy pered zarazheniem vvodili ingibitor TNF — i zheleza (III) gidroksid saharoznyj kompleks s cel'yu podavleniya aktivnosti peritoneal'nyh makrofagov i osnovnyh citokinov; v kontrol'noj gruppe vvedenie immunosupressivnyh preparatov ne proizvodili. Pri autopsii zhivotnyh kontrol'noj gruppy v 37,5% sluchaev vyyavleny izmeneniya, harakternye dlya tuberkuleza legkih, porazheniya drugih organov i sistem ne otmecheno. Naprotiv, u krolikov eksperimental'noj gruppy v bryushnoj polosti vyyavleny priznaki tuberkuleznogo peritonita. Po rezul'tatam provedennoj raboty, anatomicheskaya oblast', gde razvivaetsya vtorichnyj ochag vnelegochnoj tuberkuleznoj infekcii, vo mnogom zavisit ot mestnoj immunnoj zashchity. Tak, dlya bryushiny takim neobhodimym i dostatochnym usloviem razvitiya tuberkuleznogo peritonita yavlyayutsya umen'shenie pula peritoneal'nyh makrofagov i snizhenie citokinovoj produkcii.
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