Subject. The health status of children and adolescents is one of the most acute medical and social problems. It is known, that with dental diseases, changes occur not only in the immunological profile of the oral fluid, but also in morphology of the oral tissues. New approaches to the traditional cytological study of buccal epithelium such as analysis of the cytogram with the isolation of various types of cells, as well as the detection of cytological abnormalities of cells, allows us to evaluate the reactivity of the oral mucosa in pathological processes. According to WHO recommendations (2013), groups of children 5-6, 12, 15 years of age are the global indicator age groups for monitoring disease trends and comparisons on an international scale. The objective of the study is to assess the health status of children age 5-6, 12, 15 with non-invasive methods. It is based on the results of a clinical and laboratory examination of 179 children, attending organized children's groups. Children underwent a comprehensive dental examination, which included a questionnaire according to the WHO method, an external examination of the maxillofacial region, an examination of the oral cavity, identification of pathology of hard tooth tissues. Methodology. We studied the change in the dental status of patients, indicators of oral fluid and basal epithelium with age, in order to prognostically use non-invasive assessment methods in a comprehensive health examination, planning and evaluating the effectiveness of prevention programs. Results. It was noted that the dental health status of children 5-6, 12, 15 years old can be assessed as satisfactory, while dental, laboratory and cytological health indicators worsen with age. Non-invasive methods for assessing the dental status of patients can be used in a comprehensive examination of children's health, planning and evaluating the effectiveness of prevention programs.
Резюме Проведено изучение влияния наиболее популярных у студентов продуктов для перекуса на биохимические показатели ротовой жидкости. В работе при помощи автоматического фотометрического анализатора и индикаторной бумаги определялись такие показатели, как рН, уровень молочной кислоты, глюкозы, кальция, мочевины, скорость саливации с помощью метода сиалометрии. Данные показатели измерялись до еды, через 30 минут и 1 час после приема пищи у группы добровольцев, состоящей из 10 человек с санированной полостью рта. На основе анализа полученных результатов составлен рейтинг, отражающий степень влияния продукта на все биохимические показатели в совокупности: 1-е место-йогурт с булочкой (совместно); 2-е место-булочка; 3-е место-йогурт; 4-е место-яблоко; 5-е место-банан. Ключевые слова: слюна, ротовая жидкость, углеводы, быстрое питание, изменение состава ротовой жидкости.
Subject. Epidemiological surveys are important for assessing the compliance of dental programs with the treatment needs of various population groups. Objectives ― we set a goal to compare the dynamics of indicators of epidemiological surveys of dental diseases in the city of Ekaterinburg over the past 15 years. Methods. After analyzing reports and publications on the WHO methodology, a high prevalence and intensity of caries and signs of periodontal damage was noted, they deteriorate with age. The reduction in the incidence of dental diseases that began in 2008 did not persist in 2015. The change in the social and demographic structure of the children's population of Yekaterinburg is accompanied by an increase in rates of dental diseases. Estimating the proportion of people with signs of periodontal diseases in children 12 and 15 years compared with the results of a previously conducted national epidemiological study in 2008, we do not see a decrease in the prevalence rate of periodontal diseases. An assessment of the need for emergency dental care in children of Yekaterinburg of 6, 12 and 15 years according to the WHO criteria showed a high level of need for “preventive or conventional treatment” in all groups of children examined. Conclusions. The high prevalence of dental diseases in the city of Ekaterinburg indicates the need to find preventive measures. The increase in the intensity of caries is especially active in children of school age, which requires development of a comprehensive program of school prevention. The absence of a reduction in the prevalence rate of periodontal lesions in adolescents in all 3 national surveys suggests the need to find new approaches in prevention, including use of Smart Technologies.
АннотацияПредмет. В статье представлено исследование стоматологического статуса пациентов с ранними проявлениями повышенной стираемости зубов. Проведена оценка эффективности применения новой фармакологически активной композиции наноструктурированного фторгидроксиапатита в качестве реминерализующего средства в виде геля в срав-нении с традиционными методиками.Цель -изучение эффективности применения новой фармакологически активной композиции наноструктурирован-ного фторгидроксиапатита при лечении ранних проявлений повышенной стираемости зубов.Методология. Обследовали 153 пациента на этапах реминерализующей терапии с применением новой фармако-логически активной композиции и традиционных методик, фиксировали индексы OHI-S, PMA, КПУ, пародонтальный индекс, показатели электрометрии, ТЭР-теста, качества жизни.Результаты. В течение одного года наблюдений в исследуемых группах в 91,2 % случаев отмечалась стойкая ремиссия заболевания без прогрессирования убыли твердых тканей зубов на фоне снижения показателей электрометрии и ТЭР-теста. 56,4 % пациентов на протяжении года отметили отсутствие симптома гиперестезии. Повторное появление симптома гиперестезии на фоне фиксированных показателей резистентности и электропроводности эмали было зафиксировано у 34,8 % пациентов. В 8,8 % случаев отмечалось отсутствие динамики показателей и снижения гиперестезии.Выводы. Изучен уровень кариесрезистентности, электропроводности эмали зубов пациентов двух групп: с фасет-ками стираемости в пределах эмали и с точечным поражением дентина на фоне проведенного курса реминерализующей терапии с использованием фармакологически активной композиции наноструктурированного фторапатита. По окончании лечения выявлена взаимосвязь между снижением симптома гиперестезии и повышением уровня стоматологического здоровья пациентов.Ключевые слова: повышенная стираемость зубов, реминерализующая терапия, наноструктурированный фторги-дроксиапатит.eXperience OF new pharmacOlOgical active cOmpOsitiOn based On nanOstrUctUred FlUOrapatitis applicatiOn in treatment OF early maniFestatiOns OF tOOth wear legkih A. V., Mandra Yu. V. Ural state medical university, the city of Yekaterinburg 15-21Терапевтическая стоматология / Therapeutic dentistry Оригинальные исследования / Original research papers [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]
Introduction. A variety of concepts and approaches to the analysis of the etiology and pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions, results in increased interest in the search for highly informative diagnostic methods, especially at the stage of pre-clinical manifestations. Objectives. The aim of the study was to analyze the possibilities of modern technologies in diagnostics of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions. Materials and methods. We studied original papers on the diagnostics of temporomandibular joint dysfunctions from several databases: Russian State Library, eLibrary, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Google Scholar. Results. The review presents both generally accepted and alternative approaches to the diagnostics of different clinical manifestations in temporomandibular joint dysfunctions. We described the diagnostic value of occlusal disorders analysis in universal articulators, virtual articulators, T-scan system. Capabilities of teleroentgenography, axiography, electromyography, computed and magnetic resonance imaging were estimated as well. Conclusions. The literature review on the problem of diagnosing the temporomandibular joint dysfunctions showed a scientifically based spectrum of diagnostic capabilities of modern dentistry, a trend in the development of highly informative digital diagnostic technologies. Due to the diversity of the etiology and pathogenesis of the temporomandibular joint dysfunctions further in-depth studies of this issue are required.
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