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No abstract

детально изучающих различные компоненты экосистем (флористические и фаунистические комплексы), их природные особенности, спонтанную и антропогенную динамику. Более того, использование ландшафтного подхода позво-ляет координировать исследования на единой естественно-географической основе.

There are two key characteristics of ecosystems were identified and described in the article, based on bibliographic analysis: boundaries and stakeholders. Based on the analysis of definitions, the main approaches to defining the boundaries of ecosystems determined: relationships with the leader through relations of control, exposure to institutional impact, localization and belonging to a value creation network. When comparing them, it was concluded that the most universal and promising ways of defining boundaries are exposure to institutional impact and belonging to a value creation network. We highlighted and described the key roles of ecosystem stakeholders: leader, priority stakeholder, complementator, including the participants, relations with which characterized by the term "coopetition". The main provisions illustrated by examples of Russian ecosystems formed based on digital platforms.