Justification and analytical derivation of the equations to determine the basic parameters (including forms) of rotary (circular, screw, a helical-type and etc.) working parts of tillers were the subject of investigations by several authors. Also from literature sources, we can say that the working parts of passive rotary actuator (jet - the drive from the soil) for the crumbling of the soil and associated operations will require further theoretical and experimental studies. Therefore, we investigated spiral plate-type working part with corrugated (wavy) work surface and a cutting edge with teeth, accomplished at the site of the logarithmic spiral. Thus, the wavy form of the working surface has an influence on the cutting edge. In consequence of that, the teeth of the cutting edge radially disposed on a path, extending along a helical line and rejected in two directions (right and left turn). Based on the foregoing, we justified and prepared relations to define the basic parameters of the working surface of the teeth and the cutting edge of the working part spiral plate-type elements: the diameter (D), the number of teeth (Z3), the depth of cut (C'), the distance between adjacent teeth - tooth pitch (S3 ), length of the front cutting edge of the tooth (ℓ 3), the length of back edge of the tooth (ℓ t), lead of a screw (tmax), the width of the operating element (H), width of a tooth at its apex (B3) and the distance from the apex of the tooth to its leading edge (L3 ). The analytical dependence can justify the choice of the main design parameters of the operating element and design the toothed spiral plate-type working part, which is reduced to the calculation of the basic dimensions and meaningful implementation.

The article deals with the spiral-plate working unit, configured with teeth, the cutting edge (blade) of which is made on site (curve) of the logarithmic spiral. Each helix of studied working unit (taking into account properties of a helical surface or a line) is set at an angle and lift the helix has an angle of rotation generator (i.e., the helix angle of twist). In this case, to create the motion equation of any point of the teeth’s motion, the working unit is in the spatial coordinate system 0xyz so that the origin was in his heart.

The article deals with the interaction process of blade cog of disk-shaped spring (spiral-plate working unit) with the soil. At the same time, taking into account that the intensity of the impact of blade working unit on the ground depends on the speed of its movement, with an increase of which, increases the surface tillage on depth of stroke and cutting weed roots, determined the rate of blade cog at any point, and on the basis of differentiation of its motion equations, and after some transformations, we obtain a formula for determining the cutting speed of any point of the blade cog of disk-shaped spring. We also determined the total acceleration of considering point and the analysis of dependency was carried out.

The breeding and genetic potential of sugar beet productivity in the forest-steppe of the Volga region was disclosed, the possibility of conducting beet growing in northern regions was revealed. The role of Russian breeding seeds was assigned in increase of sugar beet production. Some measures to restore of seed production of sugar beet in the Republic of Tatarstan were proposed.

The problem related to formation of higher education institution students’ information and communication competences is considered in this paper. It is proved that an essential factor of this process is development of the visual thinking, in many respects allowing to create complete perception of world around that is necessary quality of the modern expert, first of all, the one in information sphere.