Ivan G rabar1, Ig o r K orobiichuk2(l2l>, and O leg Petruk2 1 Zhytomyr National University of Agriculture and Ecology, Zhytomyr, Ukraine iv a n -g r a b a r @ u k r . n e t 2 Industrial Research Institute for Automation and Measurements PIAP, Warsaw, Poland { i k o r o b i i c h u k , o p e t r u k } @ p i a p . p i A bstract, The task o f measuring, monitoring and recording of the torque, mechanical stress and capacity is relevant for most transmissions of die process and transport machines. The importance o f this problem is increased by an order in terms o f unsteady loads (random, impulsive, alternating, etc.). The disad vantage o f its correct solution by experimental methods is substantially limited by the need for expensive and unreliable, environmentally dangerous current collectors. To measure the dynamic and kinematic parameters of the rotating transmission by modem information computer technologies, we propose equipping the mechanical transmission with two additional half-couplings with point magnets fixed thereon, the scope o f each includes one or more Hall sensors. The application o f the developed technique allows determining the torsional rigidity of the transmission experimentally, and allows recording the actual torque and capacity per turn (or a part o f the turn) o f the transmission of a process or transport machine and record the same online in the computer electronic memory. This, in turn, allows an online assessment of the residual transmission resource, machine operation per shift and generate its operation history, which provides an invaluable information both to the machine devel oper and owner.
One of the promising methods to dispose of agricultural bio-based raw materials is to produce compost by aerobic fermentation in rotary chambers. High efficiency of the composting process is achieved when a proper temperature mode is maintained at each phase of the process. Changes in temperature are directly related to the effective transformation of organic substrates by microorganisms and are the reason for the low quality of produced compost in terms of its agrochemical and microbiological parameters. It was established that a high-temperature regime is achieved on the condition that the amount of heat released during the biodegradation of raw materials by microorganisms is greater than the heat loss associated with the substrate aeration and surface cooling. Therefore, the time during which the fermented mass remains warm depends entirely on the substrate's physical-chemical characteristics, the parameters of the equipment, and the modes of its operation. To describe the established conditions, based on the equation of thermal balance, a mathematical model has been built. The model relates the thermal costs necessary to maintain the optimal temperature regime of the process to the substrate's moisture content and specific active heat generation, as well as to such an important thermal physical parameter of the chamber as the coefficient of heat transfer of the wall material. A rotary chamber was manufactured to investigate the thermal mode of the bio-based raw materials composting process. It has been experimentally established that the chamber walls' heat transfer coefficient of 1.6 W/(m2·°C), a value of the substrate's specific active heat generation of 9.2 W/kg, and a moisture content of 58 % provide for the thermal needs for the process with the release of 140 MJ of excess heat. The reported study could be the basis for the modernized methodology of thermal calculations of the bio-based raw materials composting process in closed fermentation chambers
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