Derivatives have become common instruments for a wide range of users, including financial institutions, companies that manage assets, corporations, hedge funds. These instruments allow for speculative, arbitrage and hedging operations, which defines them as useful instruments to stimulate the growth of the efficiency of financial markets and the real economy. In this article based on 21 macroeconomic and financial indexes of the USA by test of Granger's relation of cause and effect have been investigated influences of the exchange market of derivatives on indicators of economic growth of the USA. In this article is used a large amount of statistical data of time series and variables of macroeconomic and financial indices. The results of a research have confirmed positive correlation and causality of indicators of economic growth from use of exchange derivatives in real economy. It is received for the studied period of 2000-2015 proofs that the exchange market of derivatives of the USA positively influences the economic. The results obtained during the study can be used to substantiate the necessary measures aimed on the development of the derivatives market in Ukraine.
The article is devoted to the study of the essence of behavioral theory and its relationship with accounting as a system. Behavioral theory studies and explains human behavior through incentives and punishments and today this theory is interdisciplinary, because it allows you to predict human behavior during management decisions in the process of economic activity. Behavioral science is a component of economic psychology, which analyzes and studies the behavior of people using a systematic approach, that is, the object is considered as a system in whole. The role of behavioral science is unquestionably important in economic relations, because the use of its main features will allow you to gain advantages among competitors in the common business space, improve production due to more efficient labor of workers, and even before understand this or that decision of both opponents and partners. Behavioral theory is based on the appropriate link between the information needed to make decisions and the response of different individuals or even groups of individuals to it to meet their own needs or solve certain problems. The work summarizes the main features of behavioral theory and identifies it as the main targets that are directly related to the profession of "an accountant." According to behavioral theory, the behavior of an employee, in our case an accountant, can be conditionally divided into respondent and operant. A study of the main characteristics of behavioral science led to the need to identify its relationship with the accounting system. Behavioral theory interacts and affects precisely the technical and organizational subsystems of accounting, which directly affects the final product of the accounting system itself - management decision-making by stakeholders and other users. The result of the behavioral approach is the formation of professional judgment directly among employees of accounting, management and stakeholders. It is proved that behavioral theory not only explains the behavior of an accountant, but also has an impact on the formation of his "Hard skills" and professional judgment, which directly affects the management decisions of users of accounting information. In addition, in the article it is reasonable that modern targets of behavioral science correlate with the goals of sustainable development and contribute to the harmonic and sustainable development of the economy and society.
Financial capital, which functions separately from real capital, in violation of the persistent historical and economic interdependence between them, which is manifested in the redistribution of value created by real capital through financial capital, is fictitious. Experts believe that the share of speculative capital in world financial flows is approximately 85%, and only 15% is from the real economy sector. In the context of globalization and the widening gap between real and financial capital, which affect the firmness and stability of the financial system, the process of generating fictitious capital, especially in times of instability and crisis, speculative capital is given priority and derivative financial instruments are a form of its realization. The rapid development of derivative financial instruments, within the limits of the global economy, has changed, apart from the ratio of speculative to real capital, also basic perceptions of the traditional phases of society development, the division of economic sectors and types of capital, which serves them through financial markets. At the same time, the creation of derivative financial instruments provided a deeper goal – objectification of an abstract risk. This is what defined and defines the nature of global capital flows through these financial instruments and what distinguishes this class of financial derivatives in from commodity derivatives in. The article defines the place of speculative capital as a form of fictitious capital through the lens of highlighting the phases of development of society, the division of sectors of the economy and the types of capital that serves them.Derivative financial instruments have been proven to be a qualitatively new form of both fictitious capital and speculative capital, which is in circulation in the tertiary financial market and serves the needs of the tertiary and quaternary sectors of the economy in the post-industrial stage of world economic development. The origin and main characteristics of speculative capital have been identified. Keywords: financial market, financial capital, fictitious capital, speculative capital, derivative financial instruments.
Бурденко І.М. кандидат економічних наук, доцент, доцент кафедри бухгалтерського обліку та оподаткування Сумський державний університет Каторська І.В. студент Сумський державний університет Сергієнко Ю.О. студент Сумський державний університет
Умови невизначеності та ризику стрімко поглинають кожну сферу діяльності, адже модернізований світ - це часті економічні зміни, фінансові кризи і висока конкуренція. Поєднуючи все це у своїй роботі, бухгалтер витрачає максимальний рівень інтелектуальної та емоційної складової, що з плином часу може не тільки відобразитися на його зовнішньому стані, а й привести до пригнічення й хвороб, і в результаті до неефективної роботи та прийняття неправильних та неефективних рішень. Біхевіористична модель ставить на меті аналіз усіх психофізіологічних факторів та застосування їх – у разі позитивного впливу на стан працівника, або ж їх мінімізація – у разі, якщо вплив є негативним та шкідливим. Застосування поведінкової моделі допоможе не тільки зберегти значну кількість емоційних та інтелектуальних втрат облікового працівника, а ще й стабілізувати діяльність підприємства, що прямо залежить від його стану. Стаття присвячена дослідженню зв’язку біхевіористичної моделі на прийняття рішень бухгалтером в умовах ризику та невизначеності. Невизначеністю у цьому аспекті є не співпадіння практичних ситуацій з нормативними документами, при цьому обліковець повинен самостійно приймати рішення та втілювати його. Бухгалтер аналізує придатність кожного показника: як різні користувачі можуть його сприйняти, яка адекватність показника реальним процесам або очікуванням, який вплив можуть здійснити альтернативні облікові процедури на формування управлінських рішень. Інтелектуальне чи емоційне напруження бухгалтера доволі часто досягає максимального рівня, особливо під час складання звітів та проведення перевірок. Для стабілізації таких ситуацій можна використовувати моделі біхевіористичної теорії. У статті запропонована найдоречніша з них та представлені шляхи її практичного застосування, що є беззаперечно необхідним у беззбитковому та ефективному функціонуванні підприємства. Практичне її застосування може знадобитися при аналізі помилок в роботі бухгалтера та при бажанні позбутися негативних факторів та оптимізувати діяльність підприємства.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.