Оbjective. The article presents the results of research aimed at determining the influence of different methods of tillage on the functional diversity of the soil microbiota. Soil samples containing plant residues from agricultural plots under conventional and organic farming in the Kyiv oblast were used for the study. Methods. Analysis of soil microbiota using differential diagnostic nutrient media by serial dilutions of soil suspension was performed. To quantify the phosphate-mobilizing properties of the isolated microorganisms, the concentration of phosphorus in the solution was measured (grown in NBRIP liquid medium) and detected by the Arenius spectrophotometric method on a Ulab 102UV Spectrophotometer. Results. Th e soil of the plots under organic agrotechnology of cultivation was marked by a greater number of microorganisms of all ecological and trophic groups, except oligonitrophilic and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria. The vast majority of phosphate-transforming bacteria were isolated from the soil of agricultural plots under convection farming. The largest number of cellulose-degrading isolates was isolated from the soil under organic farming plots. Five isolates have the widest range of agronomically useful properties, in particular, the ability to mobilize organic and inorganic phosphates and cellulosolytic activity: 6b, 13b, 18b, 19b, and 8m. After incubation of the isolates on an NBRIP medium at 28°C and 200 rpm for 72 hr, special analyzes for dissolved phosphorus content and pH level in the culture fluid were performed. Isolate 8m selected from chornozem (black soil) under convection agriculture and classified by us as Trichoderma sp. exhibited the highest phosphate-mobilizing activity. The vast majority of bacteria capable of phosphate transformation were isolated from the soil of agricultural areas affected by convection agriculture; and isolates capable of dissolving cellulose — from the soil of organic farming. Conclusions. The initial identification of certain isolates allowed us to classify them as Bacillus and Trichoderma. These isolates are important for further research with the prospect of creating a complex biological preparation with fungicidal properties and the ability to mobilize organic and inorganic phosphorus compounds.

The efficiency of the formation and functioning of the soybean symbiotic system during the crops treatment with glyphosate and pre-sowing seed inoculation with different strains of Bradyrhizobium in the field studied. It is known, that glyphosate can affect symbiotic nitrogen fixation through direct action on rhizobia and symbiotic formations, we took plant samples for analysis after four weeks of glyphosate treatment and determined the aboveground mass of plants and symbiotic apparatus formation evaluated by the number of nodules, their mass and nitrogen fixation activity. It was shown that the late treatment (35 days after sowing) with glyphosate does not provide a sufficient level of weed control and under such conditions inhibits the development and growth of soybean plants, reduces the growth of aboveground and root mass. Treatment of plants with glyphosate before the formation of symbiotic apparatus (21 days after sowing) reduces nitrogen fixation activity by 3550%, but it does not have a significant effect on the formation of soybean yield. The obtained results confirmed the hypothesis of intensification of the nitrogen complex during late treatment of plants with glyphosate in plants inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain EL-35 and the composition of strains of B. japonicum EM-24 and B. japonicum EL-35. The most effective for inoculation of soybean plants was a mixture of the studied strains of B. japonicum EM-24 and B. japonicum EL-35, which provides high nitrogen fixation activity and productivity. Therefore, to reduce the negative impact of glyphosate on the nitrogen fixation activity of symbiotic systems and to obtain high soybean productivity, it is necessary to select rhizobia strains with a high rate of symbiotic system formation, because even a slight decrease in nitrogen fixation can have long-term negative consequences.

The article provides an analysis of modern domestic and international scientific sources on environmental aspects that can be used in the formation of efficient and sustainable food systems. The acute food problem is in a vicious circle — food surplus and hunger of millions of people on the planet. In a world where food is produced far more than consumed, the world’s population is smaller, and vice versa. According to UN forecasts, by 2050, the world’s population will reach 9.7 billion people, with the largest growth in regions that already face food insecurity. Therefore, one of the ways to solve the problem of providing humanity with enough quality and nutritious food is to move to sustainable food systems. It is known that the activities related to the food system include: growing, harvesting, processing, packaging, transporting, marketing, selling, cooking, consuming and disposing of food. It also includes other inputs (land, fertilisers, crop protection products, labour, water, machinery, knowledge, capital, etc.) and outputs other than food (greenhouse gas emissions, agricultural waste, municipal wastewater, etc.) at each stage of the chain. A schematic model of the food system can be represented by the following logical sequence of goals: “To feed → To feed all → To feed all with quality food that does not harm the human body → To feed all with quality food that does not harm the environment and future generations”. In addition, food systems have significant positive and negative impacts on human health and the environment. In order to move towards a sustainable food system, three main principles need to be followed: sustainable use of renewable resources, which means no degradation or depletion of renewable resources such as land and soil, water and biodiversity; efficient use of all resources; and neutral impact of the food system on the environment. Modern food systems are unsustainable, and it is probable that the pressure on natural resources will only increase. Food systems are directly dependent on natural resources. It is well known that environmental damage in ensuring food security is is generally inevitable, and the question of how they can be minimized is now very important. The research methods used in the study included a systematic approach, comparative analysis and generalisation

Інститут агроекології і природокористування НААН Проаналізовано кореневу систему рослин сої, оброблених інокулянтом Ризоактив Р, та тих, на яких спостерігалося утворення бульбочок аборигенними расами азотфіксувальних бактерій симбіонтів сої. Встановлено, що передпосівна інокуляція позитивно впливає на розвиток рослин за різних погодних умов. Варіант з передпосівною бактеризацією характеризувався вдвічі більшою кількістю бульбочок упродовж першого року досліджень та в 1,5 раза-протягом наступного року. Доведено позитивний вплив препарату на формування та розвиток нодуляційного апарату рослин, а також збільшення адсорбуючої поверхні коренів на 43% порівняно з варіантом без бактеризації.

During significant time, the use of bean-rhizobial systems and development of effective, competitive microbial preparations have been an integral part of organic farming. Also, in intensive technologies, only due to such ones, it is possible without reducing the achieved level of agricultural production to reduce its cost, harmful effects on the environment and at the same time to achieve ecological purity of products selection of highly effective strains that have adapted to local soil and climatic conditions and acquired resistance to nutrients and plant protection is the most promising strategy to increase the effectiveness of microbial inoculants. The aim of this work was to select highly effective strains that have adapted to local soil and climatic conditions and have become resistant to nutrients and plant protection and are the most promising for improving the effectiveness of microbial inoculants. Field researches were conducted in the research fields of the Skvyra Research Station of Organic Production of the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of NAAS (Ukraine, Kyiv region, Skvyra) during 2020–2021. Nitrogen-fixing activity of root nodules was determined by acetylene method. The gas mixture was analyzed on an «Agilent 6850 chromatograph». The paper presents the results of research to establish the effectiveness of new strains of inoculants on crops of legumes: soybean of Moravia variety and peas of Starter variety in the Kyiv region, Skvyra Research Station of Organic Production of the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of NAAS. The significant effect of new rhizobia strains for inoculation of legumes on phenological indicators and yield of these crops in the conditions of intensive technologies was shown. The competitiveness of strains is controlled by both internal determinants — genotype of the microorganism, and external factors such as symbiont plant physiology, exposure to abiotic factors, tolerance to pesticides and agrochemicals used in crop production technologies. It has been shown that the use for inoculation of soybean strain B. japonicum EL 35 and for inoculation of peas strain R. leguminosarum bv. viciae PS 12 stimulate the development of plants during their growing season and allow to obtain symbiotic systems with a high level of nitrogen fixation, as a result of which we can increase the yield of legumes from 16 to 20%.