Forest vegetation carbon dynamics are widely considered as basic indicators of the capacity of a forest ecosystem for carbon sequestration and carbon exchange with the atmosphere and the ability of the forest ecosystem to function as a carbon sink or source. Forest management practices such as harvesting, afforestation, and reforestation are the most important factors that influence forest carbon dynamics. Therefore, elucidation of the effects of human silvicultural activities on forest ecosystem dynamics will provide a valuable insight into ways of expanding the size of the carbon pool and improving

Monitoring of tourist behavior is important for the development of tourism resources, management of scenic areas, and sustainable development of tourist destinations. In the present study, we conducted on鄄site investigations and distributed a survey to domestic tourists in Mount Guanmen National Forest Park, Benxi City, Liaoning Province. We evaluated tourists忆 behavioral attributes, including demographic characteristics, location of trip origin, general traveling behavior, consumption foci, and perception of visiting experience. The results of our statistical analysis revealed that tourists tended to be well鄄educated young or middle鄄aged males, with different career backgrounds. The points of origin for visitor trips were concentrated in Liaoning Province, with most visitors arriving from the cities of Shenyang, Benxi, and Dalian; these visitors contributed to a tourist geographic concentration index of 35.71. The main purpose of tourists忆 visits to Mount Guanmen was http: / / www.ecologica.cn to enjoy the scenic amenities of the park, and particularly the colorful maple trees. More than 50% of the surveyed tourists were day visitors, who preferred to travel with their families during National Day holidays. The most popular modes of transportation were self鄄driving and coach travel. The main tourist expenditures were attraction entrance fees and transportation costs, which accounted for 56.7% of total consumption outlays. Mount Guanmen National Forest Park consists of five scenic areas. In order of surveyed visitor preference, these were Longmenxia, Yuetaizi, Xiaohuangshan, Jialazi, and Mingcuigu. The tourist preference ranking for these five scenic areas was Longmenxia, Yuetaizi, Xiaohuangshan, Jialazi, and Mingcuigu. Environmental sanitation in Mount Guanmen National Forest Park should be improved; however, the overall degree of tourists忆 satisfaction with their experience of visiting the park was high and 89% of those surveyed expressed a desire to visit the area again. On the basis of our findings, we propose future directions and strategies for the development of Mount Guanmen National Forest Park.

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China忆s Natural Forest Conservation Program was launched in 1998. Since then, a harvesting model based on logging broadleaved species while retaining Pinus koraiensis has been widely applied in the Changbai Mountain region of Northeast China. The primary goal of this model is to promote the return of degraded secondary forests to primary broadleaved Korean pine mixed forests (BKFs). However, because of differences in tree species composition among secondary forests, this harvest model has led to a decrease in timber resources in some parts of the region. In order to explore a sustainable utilization program for BKFs, we simulated the dynamics of total timber stocks under different harvest scenarios. We selected five secondary 1鄄hm 2 BKF plots, which had been established in 2007 in the area administered by the Lushuihe Forestry Bureau. In these plots, Pinus koraiensis accounted for approximately 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60% of the gross volume. We divided each plot into 25 subplots, each measuring 20 m伊20 m. Within these plots, we identified and