Ecological tourism frequently serves as an important tool for economic development in areas adjacent to forest and other types of nature reserves. The infrastructure for ecological tourism is usually constructed in the area immediately surrounding the reserve in accordance with relevant reserve regulations. This will clearly affect the local ecosystem. The study of land use changes surrounding nature reserves may provide guidance and a scientific basis for reasonable and effective land鄄use planning in these areas. Simulation models can be a scientific and effective tool in understanding and predicting changes in spatial patterns of land use over time, providing precise scenarios for changes in spatial patterns that can be used in regional land use planning. CLUE鄄S is one such model widely used in the study of land use change, and is particularly effective in simulating shifting patterns of land use in small scale areas. The Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve ( CMBR) is an important forest nature reserve in Northeastern China. In recent years, extensive land鄄use and land鄄 cover change, triggered by rapid development of tourism and the expansion of townships, has occurred in the area surrounding the CMBR. Among previous research on landscape changes in the CMBR, relatively little attention has been given to the scientific planning of land use. Focusing on the area consisting of all land within 30 km of the CMBR, this study explored the application of CLUE鄄S in land use planning on a small scale. Utilizing Landsat TM data from 1991 and 2007, and referring to master and regional planning documents for Changbai Mountain, a multiple of 600 伊 600 grids was used to calculate the area of each land use type. The spatial scale was 600m and the time of simulation was set as 2020. The

China忆s Natural Forest Conservation Program was launched in 1998. Since then, a harvesting model based on logging broadleaved species while retaining Pinus koraiensis has been widely applied in the Changbai Mountain region of Northeast China. The primary goal of this model is to promote the return of degraded secondary forests to primary broadleaved Korean pine mixed forests (BKFs). However, because of differences in tree species composition among secondary forests, this harvest model has led to a decrease in timber resources in some parts of the region. In order to explore a sustainable utilization program for BKFs, we simulated the dynamics of total timber stocks under different harvest scenarios. We selected five secondary 1鄄hm 2 BKF plots, which had been established in 2007 in the area administered by the Lushuihe Forestry Bureau. In these plots, Pinus koraiensis accounted for approximately 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, or 60% of the gross volume. We divided each plot into 25 subplots, each measuring 20 m伊20 m. Within these plots, we identified and

Monitoring of tourist behavior is important for the development of tourism resources, management of scenic areas, and sustainable development of tourist destinations. In the present study, we conducted on鄄site investigations and distributed a survey to domestic tourists in Mount Guanmen National Forest Park, Benxi City, Liaoning Province. We evaluated tourists忆 behavioral attributes, including demographic characteristics, location of trip origin, general traveling behavior, consumption foci, and perception of visiting experience. The results of our statistical analysis revealed that tourists tended to be well鄄educated young or middle鄄aged males, with different career backgrounds. The points of origin for visitor trips were concentrated in Liaoning Province, with most visitors arriving from the cities of Shenyang, Benxi, and Dalian; these visitors contributed to a tourist geographic concentration index of 35.71. The main purpose of tourists忆 visits to Mount Guanmen was http: / / www.ecologica.cn to enjoy the scenic amenities of the park, and particularly the colorful maple trees. More than 50% of the surveyed tourists were day visitors, who preferred to travel with their families during National Day holidays. The most popular modes of transportation were self鄄driving and coach travel. The main tourist expenditures were attraction entrance fees and transportation costs, which accounted for 56.7% of total consumption outlays. Mount Guanmen National Forest Park consists of five scenic areas. In order of surveyed visitor preference, these were Longmenxia, Yuetaizi, Xiaohuangshan, Jialazi, and Mingcuigu. The tourist preference ranking for these five scenic areas was Longmenxia, Yuetaizi, Xiaohuangshan, Jialazi, and Mingcuigu. Environmental sanitation in Mount Guanmen National Forest Park should be improved; however, the overall degree of tourists忆 satisfaction with their experience of visiting the park was high and 89% of those surveyed expressed a desire to visit the area again. On the basis of our findings, we propose future directions and strategies for the development of Mount Guanmen National Forest Park.