A mycophenolic acid producing strain OUCMDZ-4920, identified as Penicillium brevicompactum, was isolated from a marine sediment (-68 m) collected in South China Sea by means of intergrated chemical and bioactive screening method. Eleven compounds including mycophenolic acid (3) and its seven analogues (1, 2 and 4~8) were isolated from a nutrient-poor fermentation broth of P. brevicompactum OUCMDZ-4920, among which (±)-brevicolides A (1) and B (2) were new compounds. On the bases of spectroscopic and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) analyses, chemical transformation, chiral separation and Mosher's method, new compounds (-)-brevicolide A (1a), (+)-brevicolide A (1b), (-)-brevicolide B (2a) and (+)-brevicolide B (2b) were identified as 7-hydroxy-6-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-((R)-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2yl)ethyl)-5-methoxy-4-methylisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one, 7-hydroxy-6-((R)-2-hydroxy-2-((S)-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2yl)ethyl)-5-methoxy-4-methylisobenzofuran-1(3H)-one, 7-hydroxy-6-((S)-2-hydroxy-2-((S)-2-methyl-5-oxotetrahydrofuran
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