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Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), with high sensitivity and selectivity , has been used in many areas of scientific research and production practice. The development of SERS technology in detecting environmental pollutants of heavy metal ions, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pathogenic microorganisms and pesticide in recent years is presented in this paper .And the advantages and disadvantages of SERS in these applications was analyzed. The development tendency of SERS was predicted in the end.