Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (INM) has been growing up as an indispensable method to reduce the risk of the operation-related neuronal damage in various kinds of spine surgeries during the last four decades. To maximize the efficiency of INM, nowadays, many neurophysiologists continue to research the application of the fnovel techniques and the optimization of the existing modalities such as somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), motor evoked potentials (MEP), electromyography (EMG), etc. In this article, we review not only the current technique of various INM modalities using in the spine surgery but also the clinical meaning of the INM regarding the diagnostic value for the detection of neural damage during the surgery and the therapeutic value for the decrease of the postoperative neurologic deficits in the spine surgery.

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Purpose To describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 10 cases of Toxocara canis myelitis and to analyze these findings to aid in the diagnosis of this condition. Materials and Methods From June 2015 to March 2018, we retrospectively analyzed the electronic medical records and MR images of patients who were diagnosed with Toxocara canis myelitis. The analysis of the MR images was based on a discussion between an experienced spinal radiologist and a radiology resident. Results This study classified MRI findings into the following two types. Type 1 was defined as central and diffuse T2 high signal intensity on the axial plane, which was observed in 50% of all cases. All lesions showed avid enhancement, mostly in the posterolateral or posterior region (4 cases, 80%). Type 2 was defined as wedge-shaped or focal T2 high signal intensity in the posterolateral or posterior region and corresponded to the remaining 50% of the cases. In this case, the extent of the lesion was relatively small and contrast enhancement was observed in only one case. Conclusion This study revealed that various imaging findings could be observed in cases of Toxocara canis myelitis, and the findings were classified into two types.