Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are able to secrete antimicrobial peptides called bacteriocins, which inhibit other bacteria such as pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, bacteriocin-producing starters can be used as natural biopreservatives for various foods. The objective of this study was to screen and characterize bacteriocin-producing LAB from Kimchi and to investigate their applicability as a starter in Kimchi fermentation. To screen bacteriocin-producing LAB, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were used as indicators. To measure the antimicrobial activities of isolates, agar well diffusion assay method was used. According to the results, bacteriocin produced by Lb. sakei B16 showed antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Escherichia coli KCTC 1467, and Lactobacillus plantarum KTCT 3104. Furthermore, bacteriocin was very stable after treatment with high temperature and high and low pH, but its effects were inhibited by treatment with proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin, proteinase K, and α-chymotrypsin, revealing their bacteriocin-like protein-based structure. These results suggest that Lb. sakei B16 and its bacteriocin are good candidates as a functional probiotic and natural biopreservative, respectively, in fermented foods.

The effects of volatile flavor extracts of eight different herbal medicines, Juniperus rigida (JR), Saussurea lappa SL), Cnidium officinale (CO), Angelica gigas (AG), Eugenia caryophyllata (EC), Angelica tenuissima (AT), Mentha arvense (MA), and Artemisiae argyi (AA), were investigated on LPS-stimulated inflammation using Raw 264.7 cells. The volatile flavor extracts of CO and AG considerably inhibited LPS-stimulated NO, PGE2, IL-6, and TNF-α (except AG) production, as well as iNOS expression. Major volatile components of CO were identified as ligustilide and of β-eudesmol as AG by GC-MS analysis. Thus, these results suggest that the volatile extracts of CO and AG may be useful as potential therapeutic agents for inflammation-associated disorders.

This study was carried out to characterize the chemical components of Flammulina velutipes during storage by different packaging film application for developing export winter mushroom to south east asia area. Changes of weight and growth rate from Flammulina velutipes were the lowest in testing packaging film at 15 o C among the films. The pH changes of Flammulina velutipesg was the highest in imported packaging film at 25 o C. The changes of colors was measured by Hunter's color value, L value and yellowness (+b) were slightly decreased during storage. But the L value and yellowness (+b) were not affected by packaging films. Six organic acids were detected such as oxalic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, citric acid, acetic acid and succinic acid. The content of total organic acids were increased by storage period.

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