In this study, the effect of delignification degree of Korean white pine wood on fibrillation efficiency by wet disk-milling (WDM) and the properties of thus-obtained microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) were investigated. The effect on the tensile properties of nanopaper was also investigated. The delignification degree was adjusted by repeating 'Wise' method using sodium chlorite and acetic acid. The increase in delignification degree improved fibrillation efficiency, showing the smaller nanofiber dimension at the shorter WDM time. The filtration time of MFC water suspension was increased by the increase of WDM cycles. Tensile strength and elastic modulus of the nanopaper were increased by increasing delignification degree and disk-milling cycles.

Six different mashing types ((A) koji+purified enzyme, (B) koji+crude enzyme, (C) koji+nuruk, (D) koji+purified enzyme+nuruk, (E) koji+crude enzyme+nuruk, (F) purified enzyme+nuruk) had been established, according to fermentation agents and a mixing rate of rice makgeolli, in this study. The alcohol content was the highest in the mashing type (C), which was 13.6%, followed by (D) 13.5%, (A) 13.1%, (B) 12.9%, (E) 12.7% and (F) 12.1%. The reducing sugar content of (A) was the highest with 401.6 mg% and those of (B), (C), (D) and (F) were between 337.3-380.9 mg%. The alcohol components were found and tended to increase during the fermentation. The oligo-saccharides content was the highest in (D) with 1251.3 mg%, which was followed by (E) 1,219.2 mg%, (C) 1,141.4 mg%, (A) 1,049.9 mg% and 973.8 mg% in (B). The total free amino acid was highest in (B) with 781.4 mg% and followed by (C) 703.2 mg%, (D) 702.6 mg%, (E) 678.7 mg%, (A) 630.4 mg% and (F) 328.7 mg% in order. There were 16 different types of volatile flavor components, in the mashing types (A) and (B), in addition to 15 different types of those in type (C), as well as 14 different types of those in (D), (E) and (F). There were significant differences in the overall preference between the type (A) and (C). Keywords 휘발성 향기성분막걸리 술덧의 휘발성 향기성분은 SPME(solid phase microextraction) 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 휘발성분 포집을 위해서 carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane(CAR/PDMS, 75 µm thickness)의 SPME fiber(Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA)를 사용하여 휘발성분 을 흡착시켰다. 휘발성 성분을 흡착하기 전 fiber는 GC(gas chromatograph, Agillent Methanol, acetaldehyde 및 fusel oil 분석 담금유형별 쌀 막걸리 술덧의 발효 과정 중 methanol, acetaldehyde 및 fusel oil 성분 변화를 조사한 결과는 Table 3과 같다. Fusel oil 성분으로는 1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol 및 iso-amy-

Recent anticancer treatments have led to significant reduction in mortality, but also to an increase in unwanted side effects such as loss of fertility. Combined with an increased age for childbearing, a higher number of cancer survivors require fertility preservation to be pregnant after cancer treatment. The threat of cancer treatment-related infertility can lead to psychological distress, and many patients are interested in maintaining fertility and future pregnancy at the time of cancer diagnosis. International guidelines recommend that physicians discuss, as early as possible, with all patients of reproductive age their risk of infertility from the disease and/or treatment and inform fertility preservation options. Embryo/oocyte cryopreservation are standard strategies for fertility preservation in female patients. Another strategy is pharmacological protection with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist). Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is still considered experimental techniques. In the present manuscript, we summarize and discuss the up-to-date knowledge on fertility preservation in women with cancer patients.

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Background and Objectives: The purpose of this case study was to demonstrate the effects of talker switch training and switch adaptation in augmentative and alternative communication system on the communication of a child with multiple and severe disabilities. Method: A kindergarten student with severe and multiple disabilities participated in the study and a talker switch was selected based on his needs, age, functional level, physical condition, and mobility. This case study was consisted of a pre-test, AAC intervention with talker switch training and a post-test. Results: The results of this case study were as follows: First, the communication skill of the child with severe and multiple disabilities improved. Specifically, communication behaviors were increased. Second, talker switch control abilities of the child were gradually increased in the post-test. Third, the child with severe and multiple disabilities was able to understand 3 pictures in the post-test. He was able to understand figures and use the symbol. Fourth, the communication form of the child changed positively from crying to pressing the AAC device. Fifth, the child was able to meaningfully communicate with his communication partners. Conclusion: The findings of this case study highlighted the importance of switch training before adaptation for children with severe and multiple disabilities in AAC intervention.