This study examined the relationships among sleep problems, executive function and social behavior during the preschool period. In addition, the mediating role of executive function between sleep problems and social behavior was investigated. Methods: A total of 304 preschool children participated in this study. The data were collected through maternal reports. Results: First, preschoolers' sleep problems were found to be significantly related to overt aggression and prosocial behavior. Second, preschoolers with sleep problems displayed lower levels of executive function. Third, preschoolers' executive function was significantly associated with social behavior. Lastly, preschoolers' executive function fully mediated the relationship between sleep problems and overt aggression, and between sleep problems and prosocial behavior. That is, preschoolers' sleep problems had effects on overt aggression and prosocial behavior, only through the effects on executive function. Conclusion: This study contributes to the sleep literature by examining the role of executive function and emphasizes the importance of forming a healthy sleep habit during the preschool period.

Objectives: This study examined the effects of parenting behaviors and children's happiness on children's media device addiction. Methods: The data were drawn from the tenth wave of the Panel Study on Korean Children. A total of 1,263 children and their parents answered questionnaires on the research variables. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Results: First, maternal parenting behaviors had a direct effect on children's media device addiction, that is, children whose mothers displayed more positive parenting behaviors showed less media device addiction. Second, maternal parenting behaviors had an indirect effect on children's media device addiction through happiness. In other words, when mothers exhibited more positive parenting behaviors, their children tended to be happier, which, in turn, led to less media device addiction. However, paternal parenting behaviors did not have any direct or indirect effects on children's media device addiction. Conclusion: This study confirmed that positive maternal parenting behaviors and children's happiness are protective factors for children's media device addiction. In addition, these findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms linking parenting behaviors to children's media device addiction.

This study examined the pathways from mothers' childhood attachment to parents to psychological well-being. In addition, the mediating role of marital satisfaction on the relationship between childhood attachment to parents and psychological well-being was investigated. Methods: A total of 294 mothers with preschool-aged children responded to questionnaires regarding childhood attachment to parents, marital satisfaction, and psychological well-being. The data were analyzed using SEM. Results: Mothers' childhood attachment to their mothers had a direct effect on psychological wellbeing and an indirect effect on psychological well-being through marital satisfaction. That is, mothers who had secure childhood attachment to their mothers showed a high level of psychological well-being. In addition, mothers with secure childhood attachment to their mothers tended to be more satisfied with their marriage, which led to higher levels of psychological wellbeing. However, mothers' childhood attachment to their fathers did not have significant effects on either their marital satisfaction or psychological well-being. Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance of mothers' positive relationships with their mothers and husbands in promoting psychological well-being.

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Objectives: This study examined the mediating effect of toddlers' compliance in the relationship between maternal parenting behaviors and externalizing problem behaviors. Methods: A total of 432 mothers of 18-to 36-month-old toddlers responded to questionnaires on three research variables. Data were analyzed using SEM. Results: First, while positive maternal parenting behaviors did not have a direct effect on toddlers' externalizing problem behaviors, negative maternal parenting behaviors had a direct effect on toddlers' externalizing problem behaviors. That is, toddlers whose mothers exhibited more negative parenting behaviors showed more externalizing problem behaviors. Second, positive and negative maternal parenting behaviors had indirect effects on toddlers' externalizing problem behaviors through compliance. In other words, when mothers displayed fewer positive parenting behaviors or more negative parenting behaviors, their toddlers tended to be less compliant, which led to more externalizing problem behaviors. Conclusions: These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism by which maternal parenting behaviors influence toddlers' externalizing problem behaviors. In addition, this study confirmed that negative maternal parenting behaviors play an important role in the development of noncompliance and externalizing problem behaviors in toddlers.