The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of fermented medicinal herbs. A search of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed databases and Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine in 2000-2011 located 11 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the clinical efficacy of fermented medicinal herbs. Domestic RCTs reported clinical efficacy on improvement of immune responses and clinical safety on usage of fermented medicinal herbs in subjects suffering from cerebral hemodynamics. Countries other than Chinareported studies on the cause of esophageal cancer and on local inflammatory reactions. In China, studies were reported on the effectiveness of fermented medicinal herbs on scapulohumeral periarthritis of the stasis type, chronic superficial gastritis, dysuria induced by benign prostatic hyperplasia of deficiency of kidney yang, diabetic nephropathy, essential hypertension, and benign prostate hyperplasia. These results indicate that fermented medicinal herbs have obvious clinical effects in some diseases and no adverse reactions. Therefore, we need to initiate more fermentation research with useful bacteria, fungi, and mushrooms to produce fermented medicinal herbs. Both governments and research authorities should focus on research involving fermentation of medicinal herbs.

Purpose : Breast cancer with BRCA1 variation has similar microscopic appearance with medullary cancer, and has pushing margins. These cases are classified as infiltrating ductal carcinoma with medullary general, medullary cancer expresses p53 and negative HER-2/neu. Positive ER is related to good prognosis, and well differentiated cancer is related to positive predictive value. Based on these correlations, the study was designed to make differentiation between medullary cancer and infiltrating ductal carcinoma with medullary feature with expression of ER, p53, and HER-2/neu. Material and Methods : Specimen of 10 medullary cancer and 20 infiltrating ductal carcinoma with medullary feature, which were obtained from biopsy or operation at breast clinic in Soonchunhyang university Cheonan hospital underwent immunohistochemistry stain.Results : ER expression in medullary cancer was negative in 9 out of 10 cases. In infiltrating ductal carcinoma with medullary feature, it was negative in 14 out of 20 cases, and there was expression of grade 3 in 5 cases. Expression of p53 in medullary cancer was grade 1 in 5, and grade 3 in 5 among 10 cases. In infiltrating ductal carcinoma with medullary feature, it was grade 1 in 7, and grade 3 in 11 among 20 cases. The expression of HER-2/neu in medullary cancer was score 0 in 2, and score 3 in 4 among 10 cases. It was expressed as score 0 in 8, and score 3 in 10 among 20 cases with infiltrating ductal carcinoma with medullary feature. Conclusion : Expression of p53 and HER-2/neu was not useful in differentiating medullary cancer and infiltrating ductal carcinoma with medullary feature. ER was useful only in cases with positive ER expression. Microscopic findings of necrosis and stromal feature, or ultrasonographic findings of tumor margin was considered to be more valuable in discriminating the 2 diseases.

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This paper suggests the dielectric resonator antenna using LTCC process for mm-wave car radar system. In this paper, dielectric resonator antennas (DRA) operated in 76-77 GHz frequency band are designed. And, using the LTCC process, the structures of dielectric resonator with SRR (split ring resonator) inside and those of dielectric resonator with probe inside are suggested. Linear polarization antennas and circular polarization antenna are designed for the DRA with probe inside. Three kinds of the DRA antennas are designed and their characteristics are calculated using CST RF simulation tool. The designed antennas are fabricated and measured and the measured results are compared with calculated results. The measured operating frequencies of DRAs are within 76 GHz to 77 GHz, which are close to the calculated results, and the measured gains are about 8.15 dBi to 10.82 dBi.

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