1 h Postload Glycemia Is Associated with Low Endogenous Secretory Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product Levels and Early Markers of Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

We investigated the correlation of the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) with markers of cardiovascular disease in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 1 h postload glucose ≥155 mg/dL after an oral glucose tolerance test. We stratified 282 subjects without a previous diagnosis of diabetes into three groups: 123 controls (NGT and 1 h postload glycemia <155 mg/dL), 84 NGT and 1 h postload glycemia ≥155 mg/dL (NGT 1 h high), and 75 subjects with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IFG/IGT). NGT 1 h high subjects exhibited lower esRAGE (0.36 ± 0.18 vs. 0.4 5 ± 0.2, p < 0.05) and higher S100A12 levels than controls (5684 (3193.2–8295.6) vs. 3960.1 (2101.8–7419), p < 0.05). Furthermore, they showed an increased pulse wave velocity (PWV) and intima–media thickness (IMT). No differences were found between the NGT 1 h high group and the IFG/IGT group regarding cardiometabolic profiles. After multiple regression analyses, esRAGE was associated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Age, HbA1c, and esRAGE were the determinants of IMT, whereas S100A12 and systolic pressure were the determinants of PWV. The NGT 1 h high group exhibited low esRAGE levels and an altered cardiometabolic profile. HbA1c, S100A12, and hs-CRP were associated with these alterations. In conclusion, subjects with NGT are not a homogeneous population, and they present different cardiovascular and glycometabolic risks.

High TG to HDL ratio plays a significant role on atherosclerosis extension in prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes subjects

“…LDL cholesterol was calculated using the Friedewald formula. HbA1c was measured with high‐performance liquid chromatography using a National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program and standardized to the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial assay reference 27 . Chromatography was performed using a certified automated analyser [HPLC; HLC‐723G7 haemoglobin HPLC analyser; Tosoh Corp.; normal range 4.25% to 5.9% (23‐41 mmol/mol)].…”

Study of hospitalization and mortality in Korean diabetic patients using the diabetes complications severity index

“…Di Pino et al reported that the glycated hemoglobin A 1C (HbA 1C ) and receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) were related to cardiovascular disease in subjects with prediabetes based on the impaired fasting glucose or glucose tolerance test. Previous studies showed the association of the glycation and inflammation with morbidity and mortality in T2DM [3][4][5][6]. The goal of diabetes treatment is not only to maintain an optimal blood glucose level but also to prevent DM complications, such as nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiocerebrovascular disease [7][8][9].…”

The cardiovascular complications of diabetes: a striking link through protein glycation

“…The sRAGE binds with AGE and other RAGE-ligands without inducing the intracellular cascade; thus, it competes with the AGE-RAGE axis [6]. It has been reported that sRAGE has a negative cross-sectional correlation with cardiovascular complications in diabetic, prediabetes, and non-diabetic individuals [4,6,18]. Patients with a lower number of sRAGE have a higher cardiovascular mortality rate [19].…”